PYTHON- BASIC

INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON:

• Python is a general-purpose interpreted, interactive, object-oriented, and high-level programming

language.

• Python is a high-level, interpreted, interactive and object-oriented scripting language. Python is

designed to be highly readable.

 Python is Interpreted

 Python is Interactive

 Python is Object-Oriented

 Python is a Beginner's Language

ADVANTAGES OF PYTHON

As mentioned before, Python is one of the most widely used language over the web. I'm going to list
few of them here:

 Easy-to-learn

 Easy-to-read

 Easy-to-maintain

 A broad standard library

 Portable
APPLICATIONS OF PYTHON
CHARACTERISTICS OF PYTHON

Following are important characteristics of Python Programming −

 It supports functional and structured programming methods as well as OOP.
 It can be used as a scripting language or can be compiled to byte-code for
building large applications.
 It provides very high-level dynamic data types and supports dynamic type
checking.
 It supports automatic garbage collection.
 It can be easily integrated with C, C++, COM, ActiveX, CORBA, and Java.
EXAMPLES:

Program 1:

• Print(“"Hello, Python!")

Program 2:
# This program adds two numbers
num1 = 1.5
num2 = 6.3
# Add two numbers
sum = num1 + num2
# Display the sum
print('The sum of {0} and {1} is {2}'.format(num1, num2, sum))
 PYTHON DATA TYPES

• Variables can store data of different types, and different types can do different things.
Python has the following data types built-in by default, in these categories:
Text Type: str
Numeric int, float, complex
Types:

Sequence list, tuple, range

Types:

Mapping dict
Type:

Set Types: set, frozenset

Boolean bool
Type:

Binary bytes, bytearray, memoryview

Types:
Getting the Data Type
x=5
print(type(x))

Setting the Data Type

x = "Hello World"
#display x:
print(x)
#display the data type of x:
print(type(x))
 NUMBERS

• Int : • Float • Complex

Example:
Example: Example: x = 3+5j
x=1 x = 1.10 y = 5j
y =35656222554887711 y = 1.0 z = -5j

z = -3255522 z = -35.59
print(type(x))
print(type(y))
print(type(x)) print(type(z))
print(type(x))
print(type(y))
print(type(y))
print(type(z))
print(type(z))
STRINGS

Single Line:
a = "Hello"
print(a)
Multiline Strings:
a = """Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
consectetur adipiscing elit,
sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt
ut labore et dolore magna aliqua."""
print(a)
• Slicing:
b = "Hello, World!"
print(b[2:5])

• Upper Case:
a = "Hello, World!"
print(a.upper())

• Lower Case:
a = "Hello, World!"
print(a.lower())
• String Concatenation:
a = "Hello"
b = "World"
c=a+b
print(c)

• String Replace:
a = "Hello"
a.replace(“H”,”K”)

• Remove Whitespace:
a = " Hello, World! "
print(a.strip())
PYTHON LISTS

•Lists are the most versatile of Python's compound data types. A list contains items separated by commas and
enclosed within square brackets ([]). To some extent, lists are similar to arrays in C. One difference between them
is that all the items belonging to a list can be of different data type.

• list = [ 'abcd', 786 , 2.23, 'john', 70.2 ]

• tinylist = [123, 'john']
• print list # Prints complete list
• print list[0] # Prints first element of the list
• print list[1:3] # Prints elements starting from 2nd till 3rd
• print list[2:] # Prints elements starting from 3rd element
• print tinylist * 2 # Prints list two times
• print list + tinylist # Prints concatenated lists
Add List Items:

Append Items:

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

thislist.append("orange")
print(thislist)

Insert Items:

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

thislist.insert(1, "orange")
print(thislist)

Extend List:

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

tropical = ["mango", "pineapple", "papaya"]
thislist.extend(tropical)
print(thislist)
Python - Remove List Items

Remove Specified Item:

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

thislist.remove("banana")
print(thislist)

Remove Specified Index:

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

thislist.pop(1)
print(thislist)

Del:

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

del thislist[0]
print(thislist)

Clear the List:

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

thislist.clear()
print(thislist)
Sort List Alphanumerically:

thislist = ["orange", "mango", "kiwi", "pineapple", "banana"]

thislist.sort()
print(thislist)

Sort Descending:

thislist = ["orange", "mango", "kiwi", "pineapple", "banana"]

thislist.sort(reverse = True)
print(thislist)

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

Copy a List:

mylist = thislist.copy()
print(mylist)
PYTHON TUPLES

•A tuple is another sequence data type that is similar to the list. A tuple consists of a number of values separated by commas. Unlike lists, however, tuples
are enclosed within parentheses.

•The main differences between lists and tuples are: Lists are enclosed in brackets ( [ ] ) and their elements and size can be changed, while tuples are
enclosed in parentheses ( ( ) ) and cannot be updated. Tuples can be thought of as read-only lists. For example

• tuple = ( 'abcd', 786 , 2.23, 'john', 70.2 )

• tinytuple = (123, 'john')

• print tuple # Prints the complete tuple

• print tuple[0] # Prints first element of the tuple

• print tuple[1:3] # Prints elements of the tuple starting from 2nd till 3rd

• print tuple[2:] # Prints elements of the tuple starting from 3rd element

• print tinytuple * 2 # Prints the contents of the tuple twice

• print tuple + tinytuple # Prints concatenated tuples

Access Tuple Items:

thistuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")

print(thistuple[1])

Negative Indexing:

thistuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")

print(thistuple[-1])

Change Tuple Values:

x = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")

x[1]=“Kiwi”

print(x)

Del:

thistuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")

del thistuple
print(thistuple)
PYTHON DICTIONARIES
•Python's dictionaries are kind of hash table type. They work like associative arrays or hashes found in Perl and consist of key-value pairs. A
dictionary key can be almost any Python type, but are usually numbers or strings. Values, on the other hand, can be any arbitrary Python object.

•Dictionaries are enclosed by curly braces ({ }) and values can be assigned and accessed using square braces ([]). For example − #!/usr/bin/python

• dict = {}
• dict['one'] = "This is one"
• dict[2] = "This is two"
• tinydict = {'name': 'john','code':6734, 'dept': 'sales’}

• print dict['one'] # Prints value for 'one' key

• print dict[2] # Prints value for 2 key
• print tinydict # Prints complete dictionary
• print tinydict.keys() # Prints all the keys
• print tinydict.values() # Prints all the values
Accessing Items:

thisdict = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
x = thisdict["model"]

Change Values:

thisdict = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
thisdict["year"] = 2018
Update Dictionary:

thisdict = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
thisdict.update({"year": 2020})

Adding Items:

thisdict = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
thisdict["color"] = "red"
print(thisdict)
Removing Items
• POP:
thisdict = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
thisdict.pop("model")
print(thisdict)
• Del
thisdict = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
del thisdict
print(thisdict) #this will cause an error because "thisdict" no longer exists.
• Clear
thisdict = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
thisdict.clear()
print(thisdict)
DATA TYPE (SPECIAL ):

• Sets are used to store multiple items in a single variable.

• Set is one of 4 built-in data types in Python used to store collections of data, the other 3 are List, Tuple, and
Dictionary, all with different qualities and usage.

• A set is a collection which is both unordered and unindexed.

• Sets are written with curly brackets.

Create a Set:

• thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}

print(thisset)
Add Items:
thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
thisset.add("orange")
print(thisset)

Remove Item:
thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
thisset.remove("banana")
print(thisset)

Discard Item:
thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
thisset.discard("banana")
print(thisset)
Clear:
thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
thisset.clear()
print(thisset)

Del:
thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
del thisset
print(thisset)

Pop:
thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
x = thisset.pop()
print(x)
print(thisset)