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Ip Adresses

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33 views17 pages

Ip Adresses

Uploaded by

rachealmwubaha8
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GROUP

MEMBERS REG. NUMBERS


1. MWUBAHIMANA 23/1/370/D/356
RACHEAL 23/1/370/D/612
2. KISEMBO JOJO 23/1/370/D/640
3. MPONIMPA YONAH 23/1/370/D/248
4. AYEBAZIBWE DERRICK

1
IP ADRESSES

An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a


numerical label such as 192.0.2.1 that is assigned
to a device connected to a computer network that
uses the Internet Protocol for communication. It
allows devices to communicate with each other
over the Internet or a local network.

2
Types of IP addresses:

 IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4): Most commonly used,


consists of 32-bit addresses written as four decimal numbers
separated by periods (e.g., 192.168.1.1).
 IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6): Developed to address the
shortage of IPv4 addresses, consists of 128-bit addresses
written as eight groups of hexadecimal numbers separated by
colons (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334).
3
Classification of IP addresses

 Public IP addresses are assigned to a device by the internet


service provider (ISP) and are used to identify the device on
the public internet.
 Private IP addresses are assigned to devices on a private
network, such as a home or office network.

4
Classification of IP addresses cont’d

 Dynamic IP addresses change at set time intervals and are


usually assigned by the ISP to a device when it connects to the

internet.
 Static IP addresses remain the same over an extended period
and are often used for services that require a consistent address,
such as hosting a website or running a mail server.

5
Classes of IP addresses

 Class A: With a range of 1.0.0.0 to 126.255.255.255, default Subnet

Mask 255.0.0.0, address Space 16 million addresses per network, it is


used by large networks, such as those used by large organizations or ISPs.
Example: Google’s network.
Class B: With a range of 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255, default subnet

mask 255.255.0.0, and address Space 65,000 addresses per network, it is


used by medium-sized networks, such as universities or large companies.
Example: University networks. 6
Classes cont’d
Class C: With a range of 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255, default Subnet Mask of

255.255.255.0, and an address Space 254 addresses per network, it is used by


smaller networks, such as small businesses or home networks. Example: Local
office networks.
 Class D: With a range of 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255, it is used by multicast
groups, used for sending data to multiple devices at once. Example: Streaming
video to multiple clients.
 Class E: With a range of 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255, it is reserved for

experimental or future use, not typically used for general internet communication
7
IP addresses are used for;

Routing: IP addresses are used by routers and network devices to

determine the best path for data packets to travel from the source to
the destination
Addressing: IP addresses provide a logical address that can be used

to locate and communicate with devices on a network


Unique Identification: Each device on a network needs a unique IP
address to ensure that data sent over the network reaches the
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correct destination.
Uses of IP addresses cont’d

Network Segmentation: IP addresses help segment

large networks into smaller, manageable subnetworks.


Device Configuration: IP addresses are essential for

configuring devices on a network, including assigning


static or dynamic addresses.

9
Uses of IP addresses cont’d

Communication: IP addresses enable devices to

communicate with each other over a network or the Internet.


Network Security: IP addresses play a role in network

security measures and access control.


Troubleshooting: IP addresses are crucial for diagnosing and

resolving network issues.


10
Subnetting

 Subnetting is the process of dividing a larger


network into smaller, more manageable sub-
networks, or "subnets." It helps improve
network performance and security and makes it
easier to manage network resources.

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Benefits:

Efficiency: Reduces the size of broadcast domains,

which can improve network performance.


Security: Limits the spread of broadcast traffic and can

segment sensitive areas of the network.


 Management: Simplifies network management by
breaking a large network into smaller, more
manageable pieces
12
Subnet masks

Subnets, short for "subnetworks," are a fundamental

concept in networking that help organize and manage IP


addresses within a larger network. They allow you to
divide a single network into multiple smaller, more
manageable pieces. Here’s a breakdown of key aspects:

13
Uses of Subnet masks
1. Improved Network Performance: Smaller networks mean less
broadcast traffic and reduced network congestion, which can improve
overall performance.

2. Enhanced Security: Subnets allow you to implement security policies


more effectively by isolating different parts of your network.

3. Simplified Management: With subnets, it’s easier to manage and


troubleshoot network issues because each subnet can be treated as a
14

distinct entity.
Gateways

 In networking, a gateway is a device or software that acts as a bridge


between different networks, allowing them to communicate with
each other. It serves as an entry and exit point for data, translating
between different protocols or data formats.
 For example:

 Network Gateways: connects two different networks, such as a local


network to the internet, and handles the translation of data between
them.
 Default Gateway: On a local network, this is the router or device that
routes traffic to destinations outside the local network.
15
Default gateways:

In a network, it is a crucial device, typically a router or a

switch, that serves as the access point or internally for


devices to communicate with devices outside their local
network.
 When a device does not have explicit direction for
where to send a packet destined for a given IP address
(if there is not entry in its routing table, for example), it
forwards the packet to the default gateway. It then
undertakes the complicated task of deciding the next
step to deliver the traffic to its final destination
16
Importance of gateways
 Purpose: it acts as a forwarding host(router) that helps devices on a
local network communicate with devices on other networks, such
as the internet.
 Configuration: each device on a network is configured with a
default gateway IP address. This setting tells the device where to
send packets destined for addresses not within its local subnet.
 Routing: the default gateway performs routing functions by
examining the destination IP address of incoming packets and
17

deciding the best path to forward them based on its routing table.

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