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(Lecture - 14) Multimedia Systems... Brief Introduction

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18 views13 pages

(Lecture - 14) Multimedia Systems... Brief Introduction

Uploaded by

N. W. Flannel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Multimedia System

FA I S A L A H M E D S I D D I Q U I

C O N TA C T
[email protected]

L EC T U R E # 1 1

B E S - 1 0 1 I n t r o d u c t i o n To C o m p u t e r
Multimedia Systems
2

 A Multimedia System is a system capable of processing multimedia data and


applications.
 A Multimedia System is characterised by the processing, storage, generation,
manipulation and rendition of Multimedia information.
 Image, audio, video and graphics are examples of media.

BES-101 Introduction To Computer


Multimedia Systems
3

BES-101 Introduction To Computer


Characteristics of Multimedia Systems
4

 A Multimedia system has four basic characteristics:


 Multimedia systems must be computer controlled.
 Multimedia systems are integrated.
 The information they handle must be represented digitally.
 The interface to the final presentation of media is
usually interactive.

BES-101 Introduction To Computer


Basics of Compression
5

Goals:
 To understand how image/audio/video signals are
compressed to save storage and increase
transmission efficiency
 To understand in detail common formats like GIF,
JPEG and MPEG

BES-101 Introduction To Computer


Basics of Compression
6

 Audio, image and video require vast amounts of data.


 320x240x8bits grayscale image: 77Kb
 1100x900x24bits color image: 3MB
 640x480x24x30frames/sec: 27.6 MB/sec

 Low network’s bandwidth doesn't allow for real time video


transmission.
 Slow storage or processing devices don't allow for fast playing
back.
 Compression reduces storage requirements.

BES-101 Introduction To Computer


Classification of Techniques
7

Lossless: recover the original representation.

Lossy : recover a representation similar to the original


one.
 high compression ratios
 more practical use

Hybrid: JPEG, MPEG, px64 combine several


approaches

BES-101 Introduction To Computer


Lossless Compression
8

 Lossless compression are terms that describe that, in the compression of a file,
all original data can be recovered when the file is uncompressed.
 With lossless compression, every single bit of data that was originally in the
file remains after the file is uncompressed. All of the information is
completely restored.
 This is generally the technique of choice for text or spreadsheet files, where
losing words or financial data could pose a problem.
 The Graphics Interchange File (GIF) is an image format used on the Web that
provides lossless compression.

BES-101 Introduction To Computer


Lossy Compression
9

 Lossy compression reduces a file by permanently eliminating certain


information, especially redundant information.
 When the file is uncompressed, only a part of the original information is still
there (although the user may not notice it).
 Lossy compression is generally used for video and sound, where a certain
amount of information loss will not be detected by most users.
 The JPEG image file, commonly used for photographs and other complex still
images on the Web, is an image that has lossy compression.
 Using JPEG compression, the creator can decide how much loss to introduce
and make a trade-off between file size and image quality.

BES-101 Introduction To Computer


10

BES-101 Introduction To Computer


Challenges of Multimedia Systems
11

Multimedia systems may have to render a variety of media at the same instant.
There is a sequential relationship between many forms of media (e.g. Video and
Audio. There 2 are forms of problems here:

 Sequencing within the media -- playing frames in correct order/time frame in


video
 Synchronisation -- inter-media scheduling (e.g. Video and Audio). Lip
synchronisation is clearly important for humans to watch playback of video
and audio and even animation and audio.

BES-101 Introduction To Computer


Desirable Features of Multimedia
Systems
12

 Very High Processing Power: Needed to deal with large data processing and
real time delivery of media. Special hardware common place.

 Multimedia Capable File System: Needed to deliver real-time media.


e.g. Video/Audio Streaming. Special Hardware/Software needed.
e.g RAID technology.

 Data Representations/File Formats that support multimedia: Data


representations/file formats should be easy to handle yet allow for
compression/decompression in real-time.

 Efficient and High I/O: Input and output to the file subsystem needs to be
efficient and fast. Needs to allow for real-time recording as well as playback of
data. e.g. Direct to Disk recording systems.

BES-101 Introduction To Computer


Desirable Features of Multimedia
Systems
13

 Special Operating System: To allow access to file system and process data
efficiently and quickly. Needs to support direct transfers to disk, real-time
scheduling, fast interrupt processing, I/O streaming etc.

 Storage and Memory: Large storage units (of the order of 50 -100 Gb or
more) and large memory (50 -100 Mb or more). Large Caches also required
and frequently of Level 2 and 3 hierarchy for efficient management.

 Network Support: Client-server systems common as distributed systems


common.

 Software Tools: User friendly tools needed to handle media, design and
develop applications, deliver media.

BES-101 Introduction To Computer

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