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(Lecture - 8) Brain Computing Interface... Brief Introduction

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N. W. Flannel
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7 views

(Lecture - 8) Brain Computing Interface... Brief Introduction

Uploaded by

N. W. Flannel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Brain Computer Interface

BCI Concept:
 direct communication pathway between a
brain and an external device.
 Often aimed at assisting, augmenting or
repairing human cognitive or sensory-motor
functions.
BCI motivation:
 In USA, more than 200,000 patients live with the motor
sequelae (consequences) of serious injury. There are two ways
to help them restore some motor function:
• Repair the damaged nerve axons
• Build neuroprosthetic device
BCI Principle:

(a) In healthy subjects, primary motor area sends


movement commands to muscles via spinal cord.
(b) But in paralyzed people this pathway is
interrupted.
(c) A Computer based decoder is used, which
translates this activity into commands for muscle
control.
BCI versus neuroprosthetics:
 Neuroprosthetics:
 uses artificial devices to replace the function of
impaired nervous systems or sensory organs.
 connect the nervous system to a device
 E.g. cochlear implants, retinal implants.

 BCI:
 connect the brain (or central nervous system) with
a computer system.
 E.g. EEG,
BCI Input and Output:
f
Brain “Features”

 User must be able to control the output:


use a feature of the continuous EEG output

that the user can reliably modify (waves), or
 evoke an EEG response with an external
stimulus (evoked potential)
Brain waves transformations
 wave-form averaging over several trials
 auto-adjustment with a known signal
 Fourier transforms to detect relative amplitude
at different frequencies
Types of BCI
Invasive-
inside grey matter of brain
Partially Invasive-
inside the skull but
outside the grey matter
Non Invasive-
outside the skull, on the
scalp

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Invasive BCI S
Electrode inserted
directly into grey
matter

Highest quality signal


can obtain

But are prone to scar-


tissue build-up

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Partially Invasive BCIs
 Implanted inside the skull but rest outside the grey
matter of the brain

 Produce better resolution signals than non-invasive


BCIs where the bone tissue of the cranium deflects
and deforms signals

 Carry lower risk of forming scar-tissue in the brain


than fully-invasive BCIs.

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4
Non-Invasive BCIs

 low signal quality due


to electrodes are not
directly interact with
neurons

 It is safest as no
surgery required.

 EEG is widely used for


this technique

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EEG Technique for BCI
 Electrodes attached to the
scalp

 Electric signals of the brain


are amplified.

 Transmitted to the computer

 Software converts them into


technical control signals
( computer commands)

 These computer commands


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controls the devices. 4
Working of BCI:
 Every time we think, move,
feel or remember something,
our neurons are at work.
That work is carried out by
small electric signals that
zip from neuron to neuron as
fast as 250 mph
 some of the electric signal
escapes, which can be detected,
interpret and use them to direct
a device of some kind.
Area of implementation

Medical science
 Enabling disabled people
o Vision and hearing

o Paralysis treatment

o Prosthetic devices (legs, hands etc)

o Provide a means of communication to completely


paralyzed patients

o Surgically implanted devices used as replacement


14
for paralyzed patients BCI Friday, October 18, 202
4
General application

Control a robot

Playing games

For physically weak persons to handle the computer

Cursor control

o Allow those with poor muscle control to


o communicate and control physical devices

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Example of BCI
application

A phsically
handicapped
man operates
a BCI
wheelchair

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4
BCI System:
More examples

Japanese student
walking in the virtual
world with the
character controlled
by his brain waves.
A single handed man
interfaced with BCI
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ADVANTAGES
• BCIs will help creating a Direct communication
between a human or animal brain and computers.

• Also it provides better living, more features, more


advancement in technologies etc.

• High Precision (can be used reliably)

• Low bandwidth

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Difficulty in Implementation of
BCI:
 COST require for BCI is very high.

 It is RISKy, because it operates with brain.

 Effective BCI technique requires invasive method.

 Requires magnetically shielded room and special


kind of helmet.

 It is SLOW

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