Group 'A' Presentation

WATER SCARCITY IN DUMKA
Content SLIDE
Dumka at a glance 3
Introduction 4
Water scarcity in 5
Dumka
Hydrometerology 6
Drainage of dumka 7
Hydro project 8 and 9
Water level of dumka 10,11and12
Status of 13
groundwater
Groundwater Crisis 14
Summary 15,16 and 17

Area 3,761sq km
DUMKA AT A
Elevation 137 m GLANCE
Population 47583
Population 300/sqkm
density
Language Santhali, hindi
(official)
Division Santhal
parangna
Time zone UTC+5:30(IST)
Sex ratio 974
Pin Code 814101

INTRODUCTION
Dumka, the headquarters of the Dumka

district and Santhal Pargana region, is a city
in the state of Jharkhand, India. It was made
the headquarters of the Santhal Pargana
region, which was carved out of the
Bhagalpur and Birbhum district after the
Santal Hool of 1855. Dumka was carved out
of the southern part of Bihar along with 18
other Districts on 15 November 2000 to form
Jharkhand as 28th State of India. Dumka is a
peaceful and green city and also sub-capital
of Jharkhand. The nearest important cities are
Rampurhat and Deoghar.
WATER SCARCITY IN
DUMKA
Dumka, Jharkhand has experienced water
scarcity in the past, including in both urban
and rural areas: Urban areasIn August
2017, the city’s water supply was disrupted
for two days due to a broken transformer at
the treatment plant.
The city’s water supply is dependent on the
urban water supply scheme, which provides
water to around 30,000 people
Rural areas : In June 2023, the rural areas
of Dumka experienced water scarcity
particularly in the following
areas:Chhapuria,Ranishwar:The village of
Chhapuria in the Dhanbhasa Panchayat of
Ranishwar was affected by a severe water
shortage for over two months. The village’s
only water source was a pond that dried up
due to the heat. The village also had two
HYDROMETEROLOGY
2.1 Rainfall
The district receives a larger share of the annual rainfall mainly by
the south – west monsoon during inter-monsoon period which
originates in the Bay of Bengal. The district receives 60% of the
annual rainfall during monsoon period. July is the month which
receives the highest rainfall. The average annual rainfall for the
district is 1391.40 mm. The normal annual rainfall of the district is
1422.5 mm with normal monsoon rain fall of 1125.6mm. During the
year 2008 the annual rainfall was 1336 mm and monsoon rainfall was
1223.2 mm which was 91.3 % of the annual rainfall.
2.2 Climate
The Climate of Dumka district represents a transition between the dry
and extreme climate of northern India and the warm and humid
climate of West Bengal. The Winter commences from mid November
and extends up to the middle of March, December and January being
thecoldest months. The winter is characterised by heavy dew, thick
fog and associated with cold waves. The winter is followed by
summer which lasts till mid – June and then monsoon sets in hich
generally lasts till the end of September. During winter the mercury
DRAINAGE OF DUMKA
The district is drained by the Brahmani, the
Baslo, the mayurakshi and their numerous
tributaries. This dreams are ephemeral in nature.
Most of these streams courses are structurally
controlled. The district is highly dissected with
rivers of varing magnitude. More with its
tributaries carries the drainage to the west part
of the district with finally meet Bhagirathi river
below Murshidabad West Bengal. The Brahmin
rise in the west of the Dudhua hills in the north
of the Dumka district. Dendritic drainage pattern,
a typical of the hard rock terrain has developed
over the district. However radial drainage is also
develop locally in some areas all these drainage
are having ripped surface runoff. Surface flow of
most of the river dries up during summer
however there is a sub surface flow for a
HYDRO PROJECT
There is only one major irrigation project in the district viz. The Mayurakshi
Reservoir Project.
The project has been completed in all respects in the year 1985. The irrigation
potential created after completion of project comes to 250860 Ha in the
districts of Brbhum, Murshidabad and Burdwan of West Bengal state. Irrigation
water is also supplied to the state of Jharkhand from this reservoir to an area
of about 6000 ha. The project was planned originally for giving water kharif
and Boro seasons.Massanjore Dam has been constructed over the Mayurakshi
River located at Massanjore near Dumka in the state of Jharkhand. The
Massanjore dam (also called Canada Dam),across the Mayurakshi, was
commissioned in 1955. The Mayyrakshi River at the dam site has a catchment
area of 1869 sq.km. Massanjore dam is 47.25 m high from its base and is
661.58 m
long. The reservoir has an area of 67.4 square kilometres (16,650 acres) when
full and has a
storage capacity of 620,000,000 cubic metres. The length of the overflow
section is 225.60 m and is controlled by 21 bays, each 9.144 m wide. The
design discharge is 4.446 cumecs. The full reservoir level is 121.34 m and the
flood level is 122.56 m. Dumka district is highly dissected with rivers of
varying magnitude. The Brahmani, Bansloi, Mayurakshi , and their numerous
tributaries form the main drainage of the district. These streams are
ephemeral in nature. Most of these stream courses are structurally controlled.
MASSANJOR DAM
WATER LEVEL OF
DUMKA
Pre monsoon depth to water level: - On the basis of
the depth to water level of the Year 2012 (Table – 2),
the pre monsoon depth to water level varies between
4.45 to 12.3 mbgl. Majority of the wells (85%) fall in the
water level range of 5– 10 mbgl. About 10% wells fall in
the water level range from 2 – 5 mbgl .
Post monsoon depth to water level: - The post

monsoon depth to water level ranges between 3.10 to
8.4 mbgl. About 69% of the wells fall in the water level
ranges between 2 – 5 mbgl and 31% of the wells fall in
the depth to water level ranges between 5 -10 mbgl.
PRE MONSOON DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL
POST MONSOON DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL
STATUS OF GROUNDWATER
In the rural areas the entire water supply is dependent on ground

water. Ground water development is mainly carried out in the
district through dug wells and Hand pumps. Dug wells are in
general of 2 m diameter and between 8 to 15 m depth, depending
on the thickness of the weathered zone, tapping the shallow
ground water in the weathered zone and uppermost slice of the
basement. Large number of dug wells used for drinking water is
under private ownership for which there is no reliable data. Over
the years Mark II/ Mark III hand pumps are being drilled in large
numbers for ground water development. These hand pumps have
the following two major advantages i) are less susceptible to
contamination from surface sources and ii) they tap fractures
between 20-60m depth which have been found to be less affected
by seasonal water level fluctuation and thus have lesser chances of
failure even during extreme summer. In the urban areas ground
water plays a supplementary role in water supply, the major supply
GROUNDWATER
CRISIS
Some of key ground water related issues are
1) Long term water level decline has been observed
2) Locating suitable sites for bore wells
3) Suitable design of dug wells and hand pumps
4) Taking up artificial recharge projects to augment the

resource availability in Dumka district .
5) Optimal development of irrigation intensity by developing

ground water available for future uses.
6) Creating public awareness for conserving ground water

through awareness camps, NGO’s and mass media.
SUMMARY
 The district of Dumka covering the north – eastern parts of Jharkhand state was
curved out of the old Santhal Pargana district by the Act of Government of Bihar in
1982. Dumka district spans over an area of 3716 sq. Km covering 10 administrtaive
blocks.
 Anthropologically the Dumka is one of the most diverse district of Jharkhand owing to
the variety of aboriginal tribes inhabitating this district. Santhals, Paharies are the
dominant races followed by Bhuiyas, Khetwas, Oraon and Mahto’s in a small numerical
strength.
 Broadly, the district may be divided into three distinct physiographic units viz. , the
hilly area, the undulating terrain, peneplained flat country and valleys.The general
elevation of the area is between 150 m to 640 m amsl.

 They experience sub-tropical to sub-humid climate with average annual
rainfall
1043.67 mm. The mean monthly temperature range from 400C in winter
to 460C in
summer.
 Dumka district is highly dissected with river of varying magnitude. The

Brahmani, the
Bansloi, the Mor and their numerous tributaries form the main drainage of
the district.
They are ephemeral in character forming dendritic pattern.
 Geologically the district of Dumka is mainly underlain by Archaean

crystalline rocks
which are highly deformed and metamorphosed. However, in the eastern

part of the
district Upper Gondwana represented by Dubrajpur sandstone are exposed

 Three major ground water related issues in Dumka district are low ground water
development, low ground water potential and nitrate/ fluoride contamination in the
area.
 Ground Water Management strategy suggested are construction of 71681 dug

wells
and 11947 shallow bore wells in the feasible areas in the district to enhance the
overall ground water development to 70%. This would bring a additional area of
28672 has under assured irrigation.
 To suggest a sustainable ground water management plan there are two options-
Supply
Side Management Options( local water harvesting techniques) & Demand Side
Management Options (real water-savings).

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WATER SCARCITY IN DUMKA

Hydro project 8 and 9

Water level of dumka 10,11and12

Summary 15,16 and 17

Sex ratio 974

Pin Code 814101

Dumka, the headquarters of the Dumka

Post monsoon depth to water level: - The post

In the rural areas the entire water supply is dependent on ground

Some of key ground water related issues are

1) Long term water level decline has been observed

2) Locating suitable sites for bore wells

3) Suitable design of dug wells and hand pumps

4) Taking up artificial recharge projects to augment the

5) Optimal development of irrigation intensity by developing

6) Creating public awareness for conserving ground water

elevation of the area is between 150 m to 640 m amsl.

 Dumka district is highly dissected with river of varying magnitude. The

They are ephemeral in character forming dendritic pattern.

 Geologically the district of Dumka is mainly underlain by Archaean

which are highly deformed and metamorphosed. However, in the eastern

district Upper Gondwana represented by Dubrajpur sandstone are exposed

 Ground Water Management strategy suggested are construction of 71681 dug

28672 has under assured irrigation.

Management Options (real water-savings).

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