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Number System

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9 views

Number System

Uploaded by

yukiedimz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NUMBER

SYSTEM
· Computes number system
operation such as addition,
subtraction and complement.

· Explains the widow of the


processor/memory/input and output
MODULE devices and architecture
OBJECTIVE
· Perform number conversion, fixed
S point and floating number
representation

· Explazin the basics of digital logic


system.
Basics of Computers - Number
System
• The technique to represent and work with
numbers is called number system.
Decimal number system is the most
common number system. Other popular
number systems include binary number
system, octal number system,
hexadecimal number system, etc.
Decimal Number System

Decimal number system is a base 10 number system


having 10 digits from 0 to 9. This means that any
numerical quantity can be represented using these 10
digits.
Decimal number system is also a positional value
system. This means that the value of digits will depend
on its position. Let us take an example to understand
this.
• The weightage of each position can be represented as follows −
• The easiest way to vary instructions
through electric signals is two-state
system – on and off. On is represented
as 1 and off as 0, though 0 is not
actually no signal but signal at a lower
voltage. The number system having just
Binary these two digits – 0 and 1 – is called
binary number system.
Number
System • Each binary digit is also called a bit.
Binary number system is also positional
value system, where each digit has a
value expressed in powers of 2, as
displayed here
• In any binary number, the rightmost digit is called least significant bit
(LSB) and leftmost digit is called most significant bit (MSB).
• 11010
• 10100
• 11100

• Computer memory is measured in terms of how many bits it can store.


Here is a chart for memory capacity conversion.
•  1 byte (B) = 8 bits
•  1 Kilobytes (KB) = 1024 bytes
•  1 Megabyte (MB) = 1024 KB
•  1 Gigabyte (GB) = 1024 MB
· 1 Terabyte (TB) = 1024 GB

· 1 Exabyte (EB) = 1024 PB

· 1 Zettabyte = 1024 EB

· 1 Yottabyte (YB) = 1024 ZB


• Octal number system has eight digits – 0, 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Octal number system is
also a positional value system with where
each digit has its value expressed in powers
Octal of 8, as shown here −

Number
System
• Decimal equivalent of any octal number is sum of
product of each digit with its positional value.

• Decimal equivalent of any octal number is sum of


product of each digit with its positional value.

• 726
Hexadecimal Number System
• Hexadecimal number system has 16 symbols – 0 to 9 and A to F
where A is equal to 10, B is equal to 11 and so on till F. Hexadecimal
number system is also a positional value system with where each digit
has its value expressed in powers of 16, as shown here -
• Decimal equivalent of any hexadecimal number is sum of product of
each digit with its positional value.
Number System
Relationship
• The following table depicts the
relationship between decimal,
binary, octal and hexadecimal
number system
ASCII
• Besides numerical data, computer must be able to handle alphabets,
punctuation marks, mathematical operators, special symbols, etc. that
form the complete character set of English language. The complete set of
characters or symbols are called alphanumeric codes. The complete
alphanumeric code typically includes −

•  26 upper case letters


•  26 lower case letters
•  10 digits
•  7 punctuation marks
•  20 to 40 special characters
• ISCII stands for Indian Script Code
for Information Interchange. IISCII
was developed to support Indian
languages on computer. Language
supported by IISCI include
Devanagari, Tamil, Bangla,
ISCII Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Tamil, Telugu,
etc. IISCI is mostly used by
government departments and
before it could catch on, a new
universal encoding standard called
Unicode was introduced.
• Unicode is an international coding
system designed to be used with
different language scripts. Each
character or symbol is assigned a
unique numeric value, largely within the
framework of ASCII. Earlier, each script
Unicod had its own encoding system, which
could conflict with each other. In
e contrast, this is what Unicode officially
aims to do − Unicode provides a unique
number for every character, no matter
what the platform, no matter what the
program, no matter what the language.
• As you know decimal, binary, octal and
hexadecimal number systems are
Number positional value number systems. To
convert binary, octal and hexadecimal to
System decimal number, we just need to add the
product of each digit with its positional
Conversi value. Here we are going to learn other
on conversion among these number
systems.
Decimal to
Binary
• Decimal numbers
can be converted to
binary by repeated
division of the
number by 2 while
recording the
remainder. Let’s take
an example to see
how this happens.

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