LESSON 1:

INTRODUCTION TO
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
Vital to the conduct of a quantitative
research project is a deep
understanding of its characteristics.
When you know its strengths and
different classifications, you will be
able to identify what kind of questions
you should ask and what approach is
most suited to find answers to these
questions. The identification of its
weaknesses, on the other hand, aids
in recognizing the questions or topics
that are inappropriate to this course.
Activity 1: Finding clues

Directions: Group the following

word clues if they are
characteristics of Quantitative
Research (Box A) or Qualitative
Research (Box B).
1. Measurable 8. Experimental
group
2. Behavior 9. Unstructured
observation
3. Statistical 10. Inductive
4. Narrative 11. Subjective
5. Objective 12. Small sample
6. Text-based 13. Tables and
charts
7. Intervention 14. Deductive
15. Generalizable
 Quantitative Research

 Quantitative research uses scientifically

collected and statistically analyzed data
to investigate observable phenomena.
 A phenomenon is any existing or
observable fact or situation that we
want to unearth further or understand.
It is scientific for the fact that it uses a
scientific method in designing and
collecting numerical data.
 Quantitative Research

 Once data is collected, it will undergo

statistical analysis like Pearson’s r, t-
test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
for analysis. Since data is analyzed
statistically, it is imperative that the
data obtained must be numerical and
quantifiable, hence its name
quantitative research
 Quantitative Research
 Numerical data are generally easier to collect
than descriptions or phrases used in
qualitative research. Information like
student’s grades in different subjects,
number of hours of engagement in social
media platforms of teens, percentage of
consumers who prefer the color blue for soap
packaging, and average of daily Covid-19
patient recovery per region are just few
examples of research data expressed in
numbers.
 Quantitative Research

 Some data, on the other hand, are not

directly countable and thus require
conversion from non-numerical information
into numerical information. For instance,
determining which brand of canned sardines
is the best choice for consumers in terms of
taste cannot be expressed in numbers unless
we do a survey using a rating scale. Several
forms of rating scales are available, e.g., the
Likert scale that we using a rating scale.
 Quantitative Research
 Several forms of rating scales are available,
e.g., the Likert scale that we can use to
quantify data. Usually, they come in a
selection of numbers with a corresponding
meaning for each choice, for example: 1=
tastes very good, 2 = satisfactory, or 3 =
undesirable. Numerical choices convert texts
into numbers so the researcher can perform
mathematical operations for faster, more
accurate, and more objective analysis.
 Quantitative Research
 Several forms of rating scales are available,
e.g., the Likert scale that we can use to
quantify data. Usually, they come in a
selection of numbers with a corresponding
meaning for each choice, for example: 1=
tastes very good, 2 = satisfactory, or 3 =
undesirable. Numerical choices convert texts
into numbers so the researcher can perform
mathematical operations for faster, more
accurate, and more objective analysis.
Characteristics of
Quantitative
Research
1. Large Sample Size.
 To obtain more meaningful statistical
result, the data must come from a large
sample size.
2. Objectivity.
 Data gathering and analysis of results are
done accurately, objectively, and are
unaffected by the researcher’s intuition
and personal guesses.
3. Concise Visual Presentation.
 Data is numerical which makes
presentation through graphs, charts, and
tables possible and with better
conveyance and interpretation.
4. Faster Data Analysis.
 The use of a statistical tools gives way for
a less time-consuming data analysis.
5. Generalized Data.
 Data taken from a sample can be applied
to the population if sampling is done
accordingly, i.e., sufficient size and
random samples were taken.
6. Fast and Easy Data Collection.
Depending on the type of data needed,
collection can be quick and easy.
Quantitative research uses standardized
research instruments that allow the
researcher to collect data from a large
sample size efficiently. For instance, a
single survey form can be administered
simultaneously to collect various
measurable characteristics like age,
gender, socio-economic status, etc.
7. Reliable Data.
Data is taken and analyzed objectively from
a sample as a representative of the
population, making it more credible and
reliable for policymaking and decision
making.
8. High Replicability.
The Quantitative method can be repeated
to verify findings enhancing its validity, free
from false or immature conclusions.
Advantages
Quantitative
Research
The following are the advantages of quantitative
research or its strengths:
1. Very objective
2. Numerical and quantifiable data can be used to
predict outcomes.
3. Findings are generalizable to the population.
4. There is conclusive establishment of cause and
effect
5. Fast and easy data analysis using statistical
software.
6. Fast and easy data gathering
7. Quantitative research can be replicated or repeated.
8. Validity and reliability can be established
Disadvantages
Quantitative
Research
The following are the disadvantages of
quantitative research or its weaknesses:
1. It lacks the necessary data to explore a
problem or concept in depth.
2. It does not provide comprehensive
explanation of human experiences.
3. Some information cannot be described by
numerical data such as feelings, and beliefs.
4. The research design is rigid and not very
flexible.
5. The participants are limited to choose only
from the given responses.
6. The respondents may tend to provide
inaccurate responses.
7. A large sample size makes data collection
more costly.
Kinds of
Quantitative
Research
1. Descriptive design
 is used to describe a particular phenomenon by
observing it as it occurs in nature. There is no
experimental manipulation, and the researcher
does not start with a hypothesis. The goal of
descriptive research is only to describe the
person or object of the study. An example of
descriptive research design is “the determination
of the different kinds of physical activities and
how often high school students do it during the
quarantine period.”
2. Correlational design
 The correlational design identifies the
relationship between variables. Data is collected
by observation since it does not consider the
cause and effect, for example, the relationship
between the amount of physical activity done
and student academic achievement.
3. Ex post facto design
 is used to investigate a possible relationship
between previous events and present conditions.
The term “Ex post facto” which means after the
fact, looks at the possible causes of an already
occurring phenomenon. Just like the first two,
there is no experimental manipulation in this
design. An example of this is “How does the
parent’s academic achievement affect the
children obesity?”
4. Quasi-experimental design
 A is used to establish the cause-and-effect
relationship of Variables. Although it resembles
the experimental design, the quasi-experimental
has lesser validity due to the absence of random
selection and assignment of subjects. Here, the
independent variable is identified but not
manipulated. The researcher does not modify
pre-existing groups of subjects. The group
exposed to treatment (experimental) is compared
to the group unexposed to treatment (control):
example, the effects of unemployment on
attitude towards following safety protocol in ECQ
declared areas.
5. Experimental design
 like quasi- experimental is used to establish the
cause-and-effect relationship of two or more
variables. This design provides a more conclusive
result because it uses random assignment of
subjects and experimental manipulations. For
example, a comparison of the effects of various
blended learning to the reading comprehension
of elementary pupils.
5. Experimental design
 like quasi- experimental is used to establish the
cause-and-effect relationship of two or more
variables. This design provides a more conclusive
result because it uses random assignment of
subjects and experimental manipulations. For
example, a comparison of the effects of various
blended learning to the reading comprehension
of elementary pupils.
QUIZ
TIME!