AGRARIA

N
DISPUTEGROUP 3

S
CAPITLY JEHONISSI
CABALLERO, ARSHAINEZEL
CAGUIN ABEGAIL
 RY W OR D S
VOCAB U L A
•Conquisidor- a spanish conqueror
•Caballeria- a small tract of land grant
•Canon- annual rent paid by the inquilino
•Cavan- a measure equal to 75 liters
•Hacienda- large estates that were used for raising
livestock and agricultural production
•Inquillino- a tenant who rented land from the friars and
subleased the land sharecroppers
•Principales- ruling elite class
•Sharecroppers- an individual who rented the land fom an
inquillino and worked the land
BRIEF HISTORY
OF FRIAR
ESTATE IN THE
PHILIPPINE
 INTRODUCTI
ON
In 1891, Jose Rizal was in Hong Kong
when he received distressing news
about his family who were embroiled in
a litigation case concerning the
Hacienda de Calamba. He heard that
the Spanish authorities were
summoning his mother, Dona Teodora,
and two younger sisters, Josefa and
Trinidad, for further investigation.

This conflict between Rizal's family and

the Dominicans over the hacienda.
LAND GRANDS
TO SPANISH
HACIENDEROS
In the late 16th and early 17th centuries, the Spanish
conquistadores (conqueror) who arrived in the Philippines awarded
land grants

Approximately 120 Spaniards were given land grants composed of

a large tract of land known as itin de ganada mayor (measuring
1,742 hectares) and smaller tracts of land known as caballerias
(measuring 42.5 hectares).

The Spanish bacienderas failed to develop the lands due to

Spanish population in the Philippines was transient.

Market for livestock products that havisnudar offered remained

relanvely small unnl the latter part of the Spanish colonial petod.
RISE OF FRIAR
ESTATE
•Because the Spanish bacienderos lacked the interest and inclination to develop their
lands, the religious orders soon took over the task and acquired the lands through
various means:

•Spaniards donated land to seek spiritual benefits or indulgencia

•Some land estates mortgaged to the religious orders were eventually purchase by
the religious orders.

•Some Filipino principales (ruling elite class) donated and sold their land to the
religious orders. Some friars acquired the lands through usurpation, land grabbing,
and other dubious ******means.

•By 19th century, friar estates constituted about 40% of Bulacan, Tondo (presently
Rizal, Cavite, and Laguna.

•The friar estates were used as:

•Cattle ranches and farms of subsistence crops in the 16th and 17th centuries
SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF AGRARIAN
16th and 17th centuries Mid 18th century

Lay brother Head of

RELATIONS Birth of Inguinate
System is based on
Head of
Religous Religious
Order Jannars freed
administrators Religous
exportation of themselves
were relatively Order
agricultural crops.) from directly
free to make Lay interacting with
their own Inguiline rents land for Brother
the Arama
administrative fixed annual amount
Administra
tor
decisions over (case) and renders Kasama
Lay Brother Inquilino
the land. personal service to subleases the
Administrator (land
landlords, otherwise, he land from the
tenants)
Tenants work will be expelled from the iniquilino and
Downside: After the
the land and land. the cultivate
inquilino paid his rent to
pay annual eent the religious hacienderos Kasama Kasama the soil.
in the form of Tenants Tenants and deducted his can share (sharecropp (sharecropp

fixed amount of
the remaining income in ers ers
then divided among all
CONFLICT IN
HACIENDA DE
CALAMBA
 OF H A C I E NDA
BIRTH
DE CA L AM B A
•In 1759, Don Manuel Jauregui donated lands to the Jesuits on
the condition that he would live in the Jesuit monastery for the
rest of his life.

•After eight years of land ownership, the Jesuits were expelled

from the Philippines through King Charles III's deerce on
February 27, 1767.

•Hacienda de Calamba along with other Jesuits properties were

confiscated by the Spanish government and put under the
management of the Office of Jesuit Termporalities.

•In 1803, the government sold the property to Don Clemente de

 M I G R AT I ON O F
' S A N C E S T O RS
R I Z AL
•Many families, including Rizal's ancestors, migrated to
Hacienda de Calamba for economic opportunities.

•Eventually, Rizal's ancestors became one of the

principal inquilinos in the bacienda, owning one of the
largest leased lands measuring 380 hectares.
•Sugar was a main product of the baziendes due to
demand in the world market.
•Much of the wealth of Rizal's family came from these
lands.
 GRIEVANCES
OF THE RIZAL'S
RELATVES
•In 1883, Paciano Rizal wrote that the friars
were collecting rents without issuing the usual
receipts.

•In 1885, tenants failed to pay rents since the

rent increased while the sugar prices remained
low. WhAs a punishment to non-paying tenants,
the Dominican friars declared the lands vacant
and invited residents of other towns to take over
the tenancies.

•Mariano Herboso, Rizal's bother-in-law, also

complained about the yearly increase in rent,
faulty irrigation system, and failure to issue
 A N D O F T H E
DE M
SP A N I S H
G
from the O V E
tenantsR N M E N T
• In 1887, the Spanish colonial government demanded
a report on the estate's income and
production because they suspected the Dominicans were
evading payment of taxes.

• The tenants complied and submitted their report,

attaching a petition Jose Rizal wrote. To show
resistance, some tenants withheld their rents.
 "PETITION OF
THE TOWN OF
CALAMBA"
BY JOSE RIZAL
JANUARY 1888
• The estate's products have increased for the
estate and decreased significantly for tenancies
in the last three years, according to the tenants'
declarations. The benefits of the estate include
increased rent for wild forests, land for bamboo
groves, and increased rent for town lots. The
rent also increases when an official measures the
land, causing many tenants to avoid
improvements.
 S ' RE TA L I A T I ON
F RI AR
AND R I Z AL ' S
to pay D ESThose
rent. A O N
• In 1891, the Friars began to evict tenants who refused
T I
PERwho persisted were expelled.
•Among those exiled to remote areas in the country
were Rizal's parents, brother, and sisters. Although Rizal
worked on reversing the decision in the Philippine
courts, his family's exile would only be lifted by another
governor- general.

• The experience deeply affected Rizal and the

increasingly despair he felt would be reflected in his
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