Lecture Notes HIV AIDS - ADV DIPLOMA ECD

LSOD 0111: HIV/AIDS AND EMERGING
HEALTH ISSUES IN EDUCATION
MR. ISMAILA BOJANG

Mrs. Sainabou Sannenh
LECTURE NOTES
ADVANCED DIPLOMA ECD
ACADEMIC YEAR 2023-2024
TRIMESTER 1
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
 INTRODUCTION
 THE ORIGIN ON HIV AND AIDS
 TYPES OF HIV/AIDS
 LOCAL & GLOBAL TREND
 MODE OF TRANSMISSION
 PREVENTION OF HIV AND AIDS
 CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
• Human immunodeficiency virus HIV, attacks the body’s
immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells),
which help the immune system fight off infection.
• If left untreated, HIV reduces the number of CD4 cells (T

cells) in the body, making the person more likely to get
infections or infections related to cancers.
• Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a

condition that result from HIV infection.
INTRODUCTION
Aids is the stage of infection that occurs when your immune system is badly
damaged and you become vulnerable to the opportunistic infections when the
number of your CD4 cells falls below 200 cells per cubic millimetre of blood.
THE ORIGIN ON HIV AND AIDS
 HIV has exist in the united states since at least the
mid-to late 1970s.
 According to scientist, HIV infection come from a

type of chimpanzee in central Africa.
 They believe that it’s transmitted to human and

mutated into HIV when humans hunted these
chimpanzees for meat and come into contact with
their infected blood.
THE ORIGIN CONT…
 AIDS originated from HIV when the body immune

system is damage.
 Not everyone who have HIV will have AIDS.

TYPES OF HIV…
There are two types of HIV which are HIV-1
and HIV-2. Both are transmitted the same
way and both are associated with AIDS.
Differences between HIV-1 and HIV-2

HIV-1 is more common worldwide while
HIV-2 is found predominantly in West
Africa, Angola and Mozambique. HIV-1 is
easily transmitted than HIV-2 and is more
deadly too.
GLOBAL TRANSMISSION
According to UNAIDS 2019
• There were approximately 38 million people
across the globe with HIV/AIDS in 2019. Of
these, 36.2 million were adults and 1.8 million
were children (15 years old).
• An estimated 1.7 million individuals worldwide
acquired HIV in 2019, marking a 23% decline in
new HIV infections since 2010.
• However, progress on the prevention of HIV

transmission remains far too slow, with the
estimated total number of new infections in
2019 more than three times higher than
GLOBAL TRANSMISSION
• Mother-to-Child Transmission—In 2019,
85% of pregnant women with HIV
received ART to prevent transmitting
HIV to their babies during pregnancy
and childbirth and to protect their own
health.
• The number of people with new HIV
infections has declined over the years. In
addition, the number of people with HIV
receiving treatment in resource-poor
countries has dramatically increased in
the past decade and dramatic progress
LOCAL TRANSMISSION
• According to WHO HIV Country Profile: 2016
• Estimated number of people living
with HIV in the Gambia stands at
between [17 000 - 24 000] while the
Estimated number of children aged
0 to 14 living with HIV [ 1 300 - 2
000].
• The Estimated number of women
(15+) living with HIV [ 9 300 - 13
000] while the Estimated adult (15-
49) prevalence stands at [1.4% -
LOCAL TRANSMISSION
The Estimated number of deaths due to HIV
is <1000 while the Estimated number of
children dying due to HIV is <200
The Estimated number of people newly

infected
with HIV is around 1 300 while the Estimated
number of children newly infected is around
<200
This statistics is between 2010 to 2016

• WHO CAN GET HIV?
Anyone can be infected with HIV, no matter:

a. your age;
b. your sex;
c. your race or ethnic origin;
d. your status.
• WHAT DRIVES HIV?
The following drives HIV/AIDS quickly:

• Fear: Many people who contract the virus
find it difficult to communicate their status to
those they may likely infect (wife, girlfriend,
fiancé, etc). They fear that they may lose their
love and care.
• Poverty: There is evidence that some people
contract HIV through commercial sex work or
having multiple sex partners. Most often than
not, people venture into commercial sex work
or have multiple sex partners to be able to
solve their financial needs brought through
poverty.
• Culture: There are different cultures in the
world which increases the chances of
someone having HIV. For instance, inheriting
wives, sexual initiations, genital mutilations
etc.
• Ignorance: There are the real ignorance but
the most terrible is the informed ignorance.
They often know the risk and danger of HIV,
yet they don’t care and they don’t put anyone
through.
• War: In war, there is no law and order and
this is why women and children become the
most vulnerable. Women are raped or suffer
sexual abuse/molestation. Warring factions
use them as a tool for ethnic cleansing.
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
HIV is found in the body fluids of an infected person,
which includes:
semen, vaginal and anal fluids, blood, and breast milk.
The most common way of getting HIV is by anal or
vaginal sex without a condom.
 From mother to child during child birth or breastfeeding.
 Infected blood transfusion.
 Sharing unsterilized materials with infected person such as
drug addicts
PREVENTION OF HIV AND AIDS
HIV and AIDS can be prevented and control through;
• Abstinence from sex.
• Faithfulness to your partner.
• Proper use of condom during intercourse.
• Avoid self-injection of drugs.
• Regular HIV testing should also be in consideration
• Be conscious about using instruments that cause
openings to the body or always use new equipment.
• Knowing your HIV status and that of your partner
is also important.
HOW DO WE KNOW ONE HAS
HIV?
People infected with HIV often develop
antibodies. It takes 4 to 6 weeks for the
antibodies to develop after infection but for
a test to be able to show the presence of
HIV, it takes a period of 3 months.
This period between the development of

antibodies and the positive testing is called
the window period. The test for HIV is
called ELISA Test.
HOW DO WE KNOW ONE HAS
HIV?
Another way to know one is infected is
through CD4 T-Cells (a specific type of
white blood cell).
In a healthy adult, the normal count of CD4

T-Cells is between 600 to 1200 cells/mm3.
Thus, when the CD4 T-Cells count fall to

200 and below, one is thought to have
HIV/AIDS.

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LSOD 0111: HIV/AIDS AND EMERGING

HEALTH ISSUES IN EDUCATION

MR. ISMAILA BOJANG

ADVANCED DIPLOMA ECD

ACADEMIC YEAR 2023-2024

• If left untreated, HIV reduces the number of CD4 cells (T

• Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a

 According to scientist, HIV infection come from a

 They believe that it’s transmitted to human and

 AIDS originated from HIV when the body immune

 Not everyone who have HIV will have AIDS.

Differences between HIV-1 and HIV-2

• However, progress on the prevention of HIV

The Estimated number of people newly

This statistics is between 2010 to 2016

Anyone can be infected with HIV, no matter:

The following drives HIV/AIDS quickly:

This period between the development of

In a healthy adult, the normal count of CD4

Thus, when the CD4 T-Cells count fall to

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