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Introduction To Computer

LESSON

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8 views

Introduction To Computer

LESSON

Uploaded by

jmaxwelljr.123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Word Sanctified High School

Computer Course

Grade 12
Introduction to Computer

What is a Computer?
A computer is an electronic machine that collects information, stores it,
processes it according to user instructions, and then returns the result.

A computer is a programmable electronic device that performs arithmetic and


logical operations automatically using a set of instructions provided by the user.
This means we have several computers in our
possession daily.
What are some
computers we
carry daily?
History of Computer
People used sticks, stones, and bones as counting tools before computers were
invented. More computing devices were produced as technology advanced and
the human intellect improved over time. Let us look at a few of the early-age
computing devices used by mankind.
1. Abacus
Abacus was invented by the Chinese around 4000 years ago.
It’s a wooden rack with metal rods with beads attached to
them. The abacus operator moves the beads according to
certain guidelines to complete arithmetic computations.
2. Napier’s Bone
John Napier devised Napier’s Bones, a manually operated
calculating apparatus. For calculating, this instrument used 9
separate ivory strips (bones) marked with numerals to multiply
History of Computer
3. Pascaline
Pascaline was invented in 1642 by Biaise Pascal, a French mathematician and
philosopher. It is thought to be the first mechanical and automated calculator.
It was a wooden box with gears and wheels inside.
4. Stepped Reckoner or Leibniz wheel
In 1673, a German mathematician-philosopher named Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
improved on Pascal’s invention to create this apparatus. It was a digital mechanical
calculator known as the stepped reckoner because it used fluted drums instead of gears.

5. Difference Engine
In the early 1820s, Charles Babbage created the Difference Engine. It was a
mechanical computer that could do basic computations. It was a steam-powered
calculating machine used to solve numerical tables such as logarithmic tables.
History of Computer
6. Analytical Engine
Charles Babbage created another calculating machine, the Analytical Engine, in 1830. It
was a mechanical computer that took input from punch cards. It was capable of solving
any mathematical problem and storing data in an indefinite memory.
7. Tabulating machine
An American Statistician – Herman Hollerith invented this machine in the year 1890.
Tabulating Machine was a punch card-based mechanical tabulator. It could compute
statistics and record or sort data or information. Hollerith began manufacturing these
machines in his company, which ultimately became International Business Machines
(IBM) in 1924.
8. Differential Analyzer
Vannevar Bush introduced the first electrical computer, the Differential Analyzer, in 1930.
This machine is made up of vacuum tubes that switch electrical impulses in order to do
calculations. It was capable of performing 25 calculations in a matter of minutes.
History of Computer
9. Mark I
Howard Aiken planned to build a machine in 1937 that could conduct massive
calculations or calculations using enormous numbers. The Mark I computer was
constructed in 1944 as a collaboration between IBM and Harvard.

History of Computer Generation Computer


The word ‘computer’ has a very interesting origin. It was first used in the 16th century for a
person who used to compute, i.e. do calculations. The word was used in the same sense as a
noun until the 20th century. Women were hired as human computers to carry out all forms
of calculations and computations.
By the last part of the 19th century, the word was also used to describe machines that did
calculations. The modern-day use of the word is generally to describe programmable digital
devices that run on electricity.
Since the evolution of humans, devices have been used for calculations for thousands of years. One
of the earliest and most well-known devices was an abacus. Then in 1822, the father of
computers, Charles Babbage began developing what would be the first mechanical computer. And
then in 1833 he actually designed an Analytical Engine which was a general-purpose computer. It
contained an ALU, some basic flow chart principles and the concept of integrated memory.,

Then more than a century later in the history of computers, we got our first electronic computer for general
purpose. It was the ENIAC, which stands for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer. The inventors of
this computer were John W. Mauchly and J.Presper Eckert.
And with times technology developed and the computers got smaller and the processing got faster. We got our
first laptop in 1981 and it was introduced by Adam Osborne and EPSON.purposestime

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