DESIGN THINKING

UNIT 1
 UNIT 1:
Contents:
• Components of Decision Making System:
• Understanding the Learning Process
• Kolb’s Learning Styles
• Assessing and Interpreting.
• Remembering Memory:
• Understanding the Memory process
• Problems in retention
• Memory enhancement techniques
• Emotions:
• Experience & Expression:
• Emotions: Experience & Expression
• Assessing Empathy
• Application with Peers.
• Activity:
• Create charts for learning styles
• Interpretations
 UNDERSTANDING THE LEARNING
PROCESS
• Design Thinking is a problem-solving approach
that emphasizes understanding users’ needs,
redefining problems, and creating innovative
solutions through a collaborative process.
• It's often used in product design, service design,
and other fields where innovation and user
experience are key.
KEY STAGES OF DESIGN THINKING

• 1. Empathize: Understand the users and their

needs. 2. Define: Clearly articulate the problem
you are trying to solve.
• 3. Ideate: Generate a range of ideas and
potential solutions.
• 4. Prototype & Test: Build tangible
representations for a subset of ideas. Refine
prototypes based on user feedback and testing.
 KOLB’S LEARNING STYLES

• Kolb’s Learning Styles are part of David Kolb’s

Experiential Learning Theory, which emphasizes
learning through experience.
• Kolb identified four primary learning styles, each
reflecting different approaches to processing and
understanding experiences.
• Here’s a detailed look at Kolb’s Learning Styles,
along with how to assess and interpret them.
 KOLB’S LEARNING STYLES

Kolb’s model proposes that learning is a process

involving four stages:
• 1. Concrete Experience (CE): Experiencing
something firsthand.
• 2. Reflective Observation (RO): Reflecting on the
experience and observing it from different
perspectives.
• 3. Abstract Conceptualization (AC): Forming
theories or concepts based on the reflections.
• 4. Active Experimentation (AE): Applying
concepts to new situations and experimenting with
different approaches.
ASSESSING KOLB’S LEARNING STYLES

• 1. Self-Assessment Questionnaires: Kolb

developed the Learning Style Inventory (LSI),
which includes a self-assessment questionnaire
designed to identify an individual's preferred
learning style based on their responses to various
situations and experiences.
• 2. Reflection: Individuals can reflect on their
learning experiences and preferences. By
analyzing how they approach learning tasks, they
can determine which learning style aligns with
their behavior.
ASSESSING KOLB’S LEARNING STYLES

• 3. Feedback from Others: Input from teachers,

colleagues, or mentors can provide insights into
an individual’s learning style. Observations of
how someone engages with learning activities
and problem-solving can offer clues.
 INTERPRETING LEARNING STYLES

1. Tailoring Learning Approaches:

● For Divergers: Use brainstorming sessions, group
discussions, and creative exercises to leverage their strengths
in generating ideas and seeing different perspectives.
● For Assimilators: Provide structured lectures, theoretical
frameworks, and detailed explanations. Incorporate case
studies to help them understand concepts deeply.
● For Convergers: Focus on practical problem-solving
activities, simulations, and realworld applications. Provide clear
objectives and opportunities for decision-making.
● For Accommodators: Offer hands-on activities, fieldwork,
and practical exercises. Allow them to experiment and explore
solutions actively.
INTERPRETING LEARNING STYLES
INTERPRETING LEARNING STYLES
INTERPRETING LEARNING STYLES

2. Designing Learning Environments:

● Diverse Learning Materials:
Incorporate a variety of learning materials
and activities to cater to different styles. For
example, use lectures, case studies,
simulations, and hands-on projects.
● Flexibility: Adapt teaching methods
based on the learning styles of the students
or team members. Provide opportunities for
different types of learning experiences.
 INTERPRETING LEARNING STYLES

3. Personal Development:
● Self-Awareness: Understanding one’s
learning style can help in personal development.
Individuals can seek opportunities that align with
their strengths and work on areas where they
may be less comfortable.
● Continuous Improvement: By being aware
of different learning styles, individuals can
develop strategies to strengthen areas where
they may not be as strong and become more
versatile learners.
UNDERSTANDING THE MEMORY
PROCESS
 UNDERSTANDING THE MEMORY
PROCESS
Memory consists of three primary stages:
• Encoding: The process of converting information
into a format that can be stored in the brain. This
could involve visual, auditory, or semantic encoding.
• Storage: The process of maintaining information
over time. This includes Sensory memory, Short-term
memory (STM) and Long-term memory (LTM).
• Retrieval: The ability to recall or recognize
information stored in the brain when needed.
During the empathize phase of Design Thinking,
understanding user experiences with memory—such
as challenges people face with retention or recalling
information—can provide insights into the problems
that need solving
IDENTIFYING PROBLEMS IN RETENTION

In the define phase, we articulate the core problems

related to memory retention:
• Memory Overload: Too much information at once can
overwhelm short-term memory, limiting retention.
• Interference: New information can interfere with old
memories (retroactive interference) or vice versa
(proactive interference).
• Stress and Anxiety: High levels of stress impair
memory retention, especially affecting the
hippocampus(a part of brain), which is vital for memory
formation.
• Lack of Repetition: Without rehearsal, new information
is likely to be forgotten due to lack of reinforcement.
By defining these issues, we narrow the focus to specific
problems that need innovative solutions.
EXPLORING MEMORY ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUES

• In the ideate stage, we brainstorm potential techniques to

enhance memory based on research and experimentation:
• Chunking: Breaking information into smaller, meaningful
groups can help overcome memory overload.
• Mnemonics: Associating new information with familiar
concepts (e.g., acronyms, rhymes) aids in retention.
• Spaced Repetition: Repeated exposure to information
over spaced intervals improves long-term retention.
• Mind Mapping: Creating visual representations of
information helps reinforce connections between concepts.
• Active Recall: Testing oneself by retrieving information
instead of just reviewing it strengthens retrieval pathways.
• Mindfulness and Meditation: Techniques like
mindfulness help reduce stress and improve focus, leading
 IMPLEMENTING MEMORY ENHANCEMENT
SOLUTIONS

• In the prototype phase, we create and test

methods for enhancing memory:
• Flashcards (Spaced Repetition): Developing
flashcards that implement spaced repetition for
learning.
• Mobile Apps (Gamified Learning): Tools like
mobile apps that offer mnemonic games or recall
exercises.
• Environmental Cues: Using environmental
reminders (colors, sounds) to trigger memory recall.
• Iterative Improvements: Based on feedback, we
can make iterative changes to improve the memory
tools and techniques.
 EMOTIONS: EXPERIENCE &
EXPRESSION
Understanding Emotions
• Emotional Experience: We all feel emotions like
happiness, sadness, or anger in different
situations.
• Emotional Expression: We show our emotions
through words, facial expressions, or actions.
• Empathy: Empathy is when we try to understand
how others feel by listening or observing.
EMOTIONAL CHALLENGES & ASSESSING EMPATHY

We identify problems people face with emotions:

• Struggling to Express Emotions: Some people
have a hard time showing how they feel.
• Misunderstanding Emotions: Others may
misunderstand us if we don’t express emotions
clearly.
• Lack of Empathy: Sometimes people find it
difficult to understand how others feel.
• Emotional Overwhelm: Too many emotions at
once can make it hard to communicate.
 GENERATING IDEAS TO IMPROVE EMOTION &
EMPATHY

• We come up with ideas to help express emotions

and understand others better:
• Learning Emotion Words: Knowing more words
for emotions helps explain how we feel.
• Active Listening: Listening carefully without
interrupting helps us understand others’
emotions.
• Role-Playing: Acting out situations helps us
practice empathy and emotional understanding.
• Mindfulness: Being aware of our emotions helps
us stay calm and focus.
 TESTING WAYS TO IMPROVE EMOTIONAL
UNDERSTANDING

• We try out different tools to practice emotions

and empathy:
• Emotion Journals: Writing down how we feel
each day helps us track our emotions.
• Empathy Circles: Small group discussions help
us understand each other’s feelings.
• Workshops: Group activities can teach us how to
express and understand emotions better.
• Feedback from Peers: Friends can help us by
giving advice on how we express emotions.