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Research Variable

PRACTICAL RESEARCH

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17 views15 pages

Research Variable

PRACTICAL RESEARCH

Uploaded by

ceanazalert14
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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RESEARCH VARIABLE

CORINA A. RIVERA
Research Variable
 is considered as a central concept in research.
 Variable refers to the quantity that changes its value, which
can be measured.
 It is a measurable characteristic that changes.
 It may vary from one group to another group, one person to
another, or even with the same person overtime.
 A variable is anything that may assume varied numerical or
categorical values.
TWO TYPES OF VARIABLES

Discrete Variables Continuous Variable

 the one that has a  the one that can take


certain number of any value between a
values given range
Discrete Variables
 is a type of statistical variable that can assume only fixed
number of distinct values and lacks an inherent order.
 This is also known as a categorical variable, because it
has separate, invisible categories. However no values can
exist in-between two categories, i.e. it does not attain all
the values within the limits of the variable.
 Hence if you are able to count the set of items, then the
variable is said to be discrete.
Discrete Variables
Examples of Discrete Variable
1.Number of printing mistakes in a book
2.Number of road accidents in Metro Manila
3.Classroom attendance
Continuous Variables
 is a random variable that assumes all the possible values in a continuum.

 it can take any value within the given range. So, if a variable can take an
infinite and uncountable set of values, then the variable is referred as a
continuous variable.
 A continuous variable is one that is defined over an interval of values,
meaning that it can suppose any values in between the minimum and
maximum value.
 It can be understood as the function for the interval and for each function,
the range for the variable may vary.
Continuous Variables

Examples of Discrete Variable


1. Height of a person
2. Age of person
BASIS FOR DISCRETE VARIABLE CONTINUOUS VARIABLE

COMPARISON
The variable which The variable which

Meaning assumes a finite assumes an infinite


number of isolated number of different
values. values.
Complete Incomplete
Range of specified
number
Values Values are obtained by Values are obtained
counting. by measuring.
Non-overlapping Overlapping
Classification
Assumes Distinct or separate Any value between
Dependent and
Independent
Variables
Dependent and Independent Variables
• Independent variable is called an experimental or
predictor variable
• Independent variable is a variable that is being
manipulated in an experiment in order to observe the
effect this has on a dependent variable (called an
outcome variable),
• Independent variable causes an effect on the dependent
variable.
• the dependent variable is the one affected by a change
in the independent variable.
Dependent and Independent Variables
• The independent variable is the condition
that you change in an experiment. It is the
variable you control.
• It is called independent because its value
does not depend on and is not affected by
the state of any other variable in the
experiment.
• An independent variable is a variable that
the experimenter (or nature) manipulates in
Examples:

1. How long you sleep (independent variable)


affects your test score (dependent variable). A
2. A researcher wants to see how well different
doses of a medication work.
3. Studying longer leads to a higher test score.
Identify the Independent and the dependent
variable
1. In a study to determine whether how long a student sleeps affects test
scores, the _________________________ is the length of time spent
sleeping while the _________________________ is the test score.
2. You want to compare brands of paper towels, to see which holds the
most liquid. The _____________________ in your experiment would be
the brand of paper towel. The ________________ would be the amount of
liquid absorbed by the paper towel.
3. In an experiment to determine how far people can see into the infrared
part of the spectrum, the wavelength of light is the
_____________________ and whether the light is observed (the
response) is the _________________________
Identify the Independent and the dependent
variable
5. You want to determine whether a chemical is essential for rat nutrition, so you design
an experiment. The presence/absence of the chemical is the _________________. The
health of the rat (whether it lives and can reproduce) is the ________________.
6. If you determine the substance is necessary for proper nutrition, a follow-up
experiment might determine how much of the chemical is needed. Here, the amount of
chemical would be the __________________ and the rat health would be the
_______________________.
7. Imagine that a tutor asks 100 students to complete a math test. The tutor wants to
know why some students perform better than others. Whilst the tutor does not know the
answer to this, she thinks that it might be because of two reasons: Some students
spend more time revising for their test; and some students are naturally more intelligent
than others. Therefore, the tutor decides to investigate the effect of revision time and
intelligence on the test performance of the 100 students. As such, the dependent and
independent variables for the study are:

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