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Topic 2 - Part 2

csc425

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7 views16 pages

Topic 2 - Part 2

csc425

Uploaded by

nurkhairundaniraramlee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TOPIC 2 (PART II):

ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS
TYPE CONVERSION

 Type conversion or typecasting refers to changing an entity of one


datatype into another
 It is used in computer programming to ensure variables are correctly
processed by a function.
 Expressed using static_cast keyword as follows :

static_cast <data_type> (expression)


TYPE CONVERSION (CONT.)
ARITHMETIC OPERATORS

Operator Definition Example Output

+ Addition 4+2 6

- Subtraction 4-2 2

* Multiplication 4*2 8

/ Division 4/2 2

% Modulus 5%2 1
(Remainder)
ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS (CONT.)

 +, -, * and / operation can be performed on integer numbers as well as


floating numbers
 Remainder operation can only be performed on integer numbers
 Floating point operands are not accepted by remainder operator
 Unary operator – has only one operand
 Binary operator – has two operand
OPERATORS AND OPERANDS

 Almost all of the program use some sort of data stored in variables
 In a program different types of operations are performed on that data
 The data on which operations are performed are knows as operands and
the types of the operations performed are known as operators
 Example:
Operator

A+B

Operands
ORDER OF PRECEDENCE

 All operations inside of ( ) are evaluate

 *, /, and % are at the same level of precedence and are evaluated


next
 + and – have the same level of precedence and are evaluated last
 When operators are on the same level
 Performed from left to right
ORDER OF PRECEDENCE (CONT.)

 Exercises: Rewrite the following statements in C++ format.

a.

b.

c.
ORDER OF PRECEDENCE (CONT.)

 Given the following variable declarations:

float x = 1.5;
int y = 3, z = 7;

 Determine the output of the following statement:


 int t = y * z + z * (6 – y);
cout << t;
 int u = (y + z) % 3 + 12 / y + 6;

cout << u;
 float v = z / x + 1;

cout << v;
VARIATION OF ASSIGNMENT STATEMENT

Operation Description Example Equivalent to

+= Addition Assignment a += b a = a + b
-= Subtraction Assignment a -= b a = a - b
/= Division Assignment a /= b a = a / b

*= Multiplication Assignment a *= b a = a * b

%= Modulus Assignment a %= b a = a % b
VARIATION OF ASSIGNMENT STATEMENT
(CONT.)

 Example:

Expression Equivalent to
price = price * rate; price *= rate;
count = count + 3; count += 3;
amount = amount / 2; amount /= 2;
price *= rate + 1; ??
ASSIGNMENT STATEMENT
 For a variable to increase or decrease by 1, C++ provides two unary
operators:
 ( ++ ) : increment operator
 ( -- ) : decrement operator

Prefix ++i; Increment the value of i (i = i + 1), then use it

--i; Decrement the value of i (i = i – 1), then use it

Suffix i++; Use the value of i, then increment (i = i + 1) it

i--; Use the value of i, then decrement (i = i - 1) it


ASSIGNMENT STATEMENT (CONT.)

 Example:
ASSIGNMENT STATEMENT (CONT.)

 Exercises

Expression Value X Value Y


x = 6;
y = ++x;
x=10;
y=x++;
x = 5;
y = --x;
x = 10;
y = x--;
MATHEMATICAL LIBRARY FUNCTIONS

 Perform compute common mathematical operations and transformations


 Include the header file <cmath>
 Example :
MATHEMATICAL LIBRARY FUNCTIONS
(CONT.)

 Exercises: Write C++ assignment for the following equations.

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