Lesson 1
the role of science
and technology in
nation building
Lesson Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
examine the role of science and technology in nation-
building, and
analyze the contributions of government policies on
science and technology to the
Introduction
This lesson will examine the
impact of science and
technology in the growth of
the Philippine society.
Specifically, it provides a
concise historical context of
the development of science
and technology and identifies
policies and projects that
wish to contribute to the
progress of the Filipino
people and in the economic
progress of the nation
PRE-SPANISH ERA
The Philippines then and
now
The early inhabitants of
the archipelago had their
own culture and
traditions.
Own belief system and
indigenous knowledge
Keeps them organized and
sustained their lives and
communities for many years.
Science in pre-
spanish Philippines
. Embedded in the
way of life
They already had an
alphabet, number system,
a weighing and measuring
system and a calendar
Filipinos were already
engaged in farming,
shipbuilding, mining and
weaving.
The Banaue Rice Terraces
are among the
sophisticated products of
engineering by pre-Spanish
era Filipinos.
SCIENCE in Pre-Spanish
Philippines:
*Planting crops that provide
them food
*Taking care of animals
*Food production
*Interpret the movements of
heavenly bodies to predict
seasons and climates
*Medicinal uses of plants
TECHNOLOGY:
Building houses
Irrigations
Developing tools
Musical
TREE HOUSE
• To keep safe from
enemies and wild
animals
Ladders are
hoisted in at night
Metal Age influence:
Gold and silver jewelry
Trading with other
countries
Indigenous or Folk
Science
Spanish Rule
Brought their own
culture and
practices
Established schools and introduced the
concepts of subjects and disciplines
Learning of science in school focuses on
understanding different concepts related to
the human body, plants, animals and heavenly
bodies.
Technology focuses on using and developing
house tools
Life during the Spanish era:
Became modernized
Filipinos replicated technology brought
by the Spaniards using indigenous
materials.
Medicine and advanced science were
introduced in formal colleges and
universities
Galleon
Trade
Galleon Trade
The galleon trade was supplied by merchants
largely from port areas of Fujian who traveled to
Manila to sell the Spaniards spices, porcelain,
ivory, processed silk cloth and other valuable
commodities.
From 1565 to 1815, the galleon trade
contributed to the change of culture, language
and environment for both Philippines and
Mexico
Galleon
Trade
Porcelain Ivory Silk Spices
The Galleon Trade was a government
monopoly. Only two galleons were used:
• One sailed from Acapulco to Manila with
some 500,000 pesos worth of goods, spending
120 days at sea;
• the other sailed from Manila to Acapulco with
some 250,000 pesos worth of goods spending
90 days at sea.
OCTOBER 2030
The country became
one of the centers of
global trade in SEA
- One of the most
developed places in
the region.
Superstitious beliefs and Catholic doctrines and
practices halted the growth of science in the country.
American Period
More influence in the
Development of S&T
compared to the
Spaniards
American Period
Pubic education system
Improved engineering works and health conditions of the people
Established a modern research university, the University of the
Philippines and more public hospitals
Mineral resources were explored and exploited
Americanize" the Filipinos
Reorganized the learning of science
In basic education, science education focuses on nature
studies and science and sanitation
Improved and modernized higher education with
researches on the control of malaria, cholera, TB and
other tropical diseases
HEALTH AND SANITATION
Filipinos learned the value of
cleanliness, proper hygiene,
and healthy practices
Hospitals, clinics, and health
centers were established
including hospitals for lepers
INFRASTRUCTURE
Americans built roads, streets,
and bridges
The new infrastructure helped
make the movement of products
and services more efficient
Boulevards, zone districts, and
centers of leisure were also
established
World war
2
World War 2
The country had a difficult
time to rebuild itself from
the ruins of the war.
The human spirit to survive
and to rebuild the country
may be strong but the
capacity of the country to
bring back what was
destroyed was limited.
New Republic
Focusing on using its
limited resources in
improving S&T capability
Use of Overseas
Development Allocation to
improve scientific
productivity and
technological capability
Human resource
development
Introduced and implemented
programs, projects and policies to
boost science and technology.
GOAL: prepare the whole country and
its people to meet the demands of a
technologically driven world and
capacitate the people to live in a world
driven by science.
OCTOBER 2030
• In response to the ASEAN 2015
Agenda, the government,
particularly the DOST, has sought
the expertise of the NRCP to
consult various sectors in the
society to study how the
Philippines can prepare itself in
meeting the ASEAN 2015 Goals.
The NRCP clustered these policies into four:
1. Social Sciences, Humanities, Education, International
Policies and Governance
2. Physics, Engineering, and Industrial Research, Earth
and Space Sciences, and Mathematics
3. Medical, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
4. Biological Sciences, Agriculture, and Forestry
1. Social Sciences, Humanities, Education,
International Policies and Governance
Integrating ASEAN awareness in basic education
without adding to the curriculum
Emphasizing teaching in the mother tongue
Developing school infrastructure and providing for
ICT broadband
Local food security
2. Physics, Engineering, and Industrial Research,
Earth and Space Sciences, and Mathematics
Emphasizing degrees, licenses, and employment
opportunities
Outright grants for peer monitoring
Review of RA 9184
Harnessing science and technology as an
independent mover of development
3. Medical, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Ensuring compliance of drug-manufacturing firms with ASEAN-
harmonized standards by full implementation of the FDA
Creating an education council dedicated to standardization of
pharmaceutical services and care
Empowering food and drug agencies to conduct evidence-based
research as pool of information
Allocating 2% of the GDP to research
Legislating a law supporting human genome projects
4. Biological Sciences, Agriculture, and Forestry
• Protecting and conserving biodiversity by full
implementation of existing laws
• Use of biosafety and standard model by ASEAN
countries
Promoting indigenous knowledge systems and
indigenous people's conservation
Formulation of common food and safety standards
Tha n k
y o u
