Objectives:

•Identify the different components used

in electronics and its functions.
 Electrical
Component and
their Functions
What is electrical Component?
• An electrical component is the general term for
any part of an electric circuit.
• Electronic components are the basic building
blocks of an electronic circuit or electronic system
or electronic device.
• They control the flow of electrons in an electronic
system or electronic circuit.
• Electronic components are very small. Hence, it is
easy to carry them from one place to another
place.
What are electrical Components used for?
• Electronic components are basic discrete
devices in any electronic system to use in
electronics otherwise different associated
fields.
• These components are basic elements that
are used to design electrical and electronic
circuits
Types of Electrical Component

• Passive Electronic Component

• Active Electronic Component
• passive components do not add
energy to the circuit but rather
influence the flow of electrical signals
through various means.
• passive components do not add
energy to the circuit but rather
influence the flow of electrical signals
through various means.
Characteristics of Passive
Components:
• No Gain: They don’t amplify signals; they only
influence the signal's amplitude or shape.
• No Power Supply Required: They don't need
external power to operate.
• Linear Behavior: Generally, exhibit predictable
and linear behavior with respect to current and
voltage.
 Resistors
• A resistor is one of the
components you will come
across in an integrated circuit.
Like the name suggests, the
device resists the flow of
current. Resistors are graded
based on their power ratings
(amount of power they can
handle without exploding) and
resistance values (capacity to
resist current). The
measurement is done in units
know as ohms. The electronic
symbol of the unit is O
 Capacitors
• These components can
store electric charge
temporarily. The
components come in
different varieties, with
the most common ones
being electrolytic and
ceramic disk. The
capacity of a
component is usually
measured in
microfarads (µF).
 Inductors
• These are passive
components that store
energy in form of a magnetic
field. An inductor simply
consists of a coil of wire
wound around some kind of
core. The core could be a
magnet or air. When current
passes through the inductor,
a magnetic field is created
around it. The magnetic field
is stronger if a magnet is
used as the core.
 Transformers
•Built with two
coils of wire,
transformers are
commonly used
to step up or step
down power.
 Diodes
• Diodes allow electric
current to flow in a single
direction only. Each diode
has two terminals known as
the anode and cathode.
When the anode is charged
with positive voltage and
the cathode with a negative
one, electric current can
flow. Reversing these
voltages will prevent the
current from flowing
 Fuses
• Fuses help preserve
components from
overloading with
excessive current. A
fuse consists of
connection body,
support, contacts,
and metal-fuse
material such as
zinc or copper.
 Switches
• Switches interrupt
current. The four types of
switches are: single pole
single throw (SPST),
single pole double throw
(SPDT), double pole
single throw (DPST), and
double pole double throw
(DPDT).
 Motors
• Motors convert
electrical energy into
mechanical energy.
Key components
include a rotor, stator,
bearings, conduit box,
enclosure, and eye
bolt.
 Circuit Breakers
• As a protective device,
a circuit breaker can
be controlled with a
remote switch. It is
designed to protect the
circuit from
overloading or a short
circuit.
• Active electronic components are devices
that can amplify, switch, or otherwise
control the flow of electrical energy. Unlike
passive components, which do not add
energy to the circuit but only influence the
existing flow, active components require an
external power source to operate and are
essential for signal processing,
amplification, and control
Characteristics of Active
Components:
• Energy Addition: They require external power to
function and can add energy to the circuit.
• Non-Linear Behavior: Active components often exhibit
non-linear characteristics, crucial for amplification and
switching.
• Control: They can control the flow of current or
voltage in various ways, enabling complex functions in
electronic circuits.
 Transistors
• These components are
easy to identify through
their three terminals. For
the components to work,
voltage has to be
applied to one of them;
the base terminal. The
base can then control
current flow in the two
other terminals (the
emitter and collector)
 Integrated Circuits
• An integrated circuit refers to
a special device that has all
the components required in
an electronic circuit. The
component has diodes,
transistors, and other
devices, all of which are
etched on a tiny piece of
silicon. The components are
used in many electronic
devices, including watches
and computers.
 Microcontroller
•Microcontrollers are
small computers used
to control a multitude
of devices, such as
power tools, remote
controls, medical
equipment and office
machines.
 Batteries
• Batteries convert
chemical energy to
electrical energy.
The two different
cells of a battery are
anode (+) and
cathode (-).
 Relays
• These electromechanical
switches shut power on
or off. A relay includes an
electromagnet, an
armature, a series of
electrical contacts and a
spring.
 IR Sensor Module

• The IR sensor or infrared

sensor is one kind of
electronic component,
used to detect specific
characteristics in its
surroundings through
emitting or detecting IR
radiation. These sensors
can also be used to detect
or measure the heat of a
Write the answers in your notebook
 2. 5.
6.

7.
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3. 4.

8.
Hand Sanitizer
assignment

•Enumerate the different

kinds of electronic
measuring instruments