1 Introduction To Conic Sections

Introduction to
Conic Sections
Learning
objectives
At the end of the discussion, the students are expected
to:
a. understand how conic sections are formed;
b. identify the different types of conic sections defined
by a set of points;
c. determine the type of conic section defined by a
given 2nd-degree equation in x and y; and
d. solve problems that involve the different types of
conic sections and degenerate conic.
STEM 111 | Introduction to Conic Section 2
ACTIVITY
Observe the given illustration and answer the
following questions. (10 minutes)
1. Describe how the plane intersects with the cone.

2. What are your observations for each illustration?
3. What do you call these shapes/figures that are
being produced?

WHAT IS A CONIC
SECTION?
It is generated by intersecting a
plane with a cone, where the
cone has two identically shaped
parts called nappes.

Parts of the
Cone

CONIC SECTIONS

CONIC SECTION: CIRCLE
◉ Set of all points in a plane
that are equidistant from a
fixed point in the plane.
◉ The center is the fixed
point of the circle.
◉ The radius is the distance
from the center to a point
on the circle.
CONIC SECTION:
PARABOLA
equidistant from a fixed
line and a fixed point (not
on the line).
◉ The directrix is the fixed
line of the parabola.
◉ The focus is the fixed
point of the parabola.
CONIC SECTION: ELLIPSE
whose distances are the
constant sum from the two
fixed points in a plane.
◉ The foci (plural of focus) are
the two fixed points of the
ellipse.
◉ The center of the ellipse is
the midpoint of the line
CONIC SECTION:
HYPERBOLA
whose distances are the
constant difference from the
two fixed points in a plane.
◉ The foci (plural of focus) are the
two fixed points of the
hyperbola.
◉ The center of the hyperbola is
STEM 111 | Introduction to Conic Section the midpoint of the line segment 11
DEGENERATE CONIC

SINGLE
POINT
A point is formed if
the plane passes
through only the
vertex.

SINGLE
POINT
The degenerate form of a circle or an
ellipse is a singular point.
At the vertex of the cone, the radius is , .

Thus, the standard equation is

SINGLE LINE
A straight
line/single line is
formed if the plane is
tangent to the
double-cone’s surface.

SINGLE LINE
The degenerate form of a parabola is
a line or two lines.
For this conic section, the coefficients in

the general equation. Thus, the
resulting general equation is .

INTERSECTING LINES
A pair of straight
lines is formed if the
plane passes through
the vertex and
intersects both the
top and bottom halves
of the cone.
INTERSECTING LINES
The degenerate form of a hyperbola is two
intersecting lines. At the vertex of the
cone, the standard equation is
Thus, the slopes of the intersecting lines
are:
, because corresponds to the portion of
the equation, and a corresponds
to theportion of the equation.
18
STEM 111 | Introduction to Conic Section
GENERAL
EQUATION
𝟐 𝟐
𝑨 𝒙 + 𝑩𝒙𝒚 + 𝑪 𝒚 + 𝑫𝒙 + 𝑬𝒚 + 𝑭 =𝟎
In the given equation, if , we will have:
The graph is either a conic or , a

degenerate conic provided that and are
not both zero.
If and it is conic, then the graph is:
CIRCLE
PARABOLA
ELLIPSE
HYPERBOLA
CIRCLE
PARABOLA
ELLIPSE If:
HYPERBOLA
CIRCLE
PARABOL If:
A • or
ELLIPSE
HYPERBOLA
CIRCLE
PARABOLA
ELLIPSE If:
• or have the
HYPERBOLA same signs
CIRCLE
PARABOLA If:
• or have
ELLIPSE the
opposite
HYPERBOL signs
A
If , we can make use of the discriminant of
the quadratic formula to identify the
represented conic section of the given second-
degree equation if the conic exists.
• If , it is either a circle or an ellipse.

• If , it will be a parabola.
• If , it will be a hyperbola.

Example
Determine the conic section represented by
the equation.

Exercise 1:
the equation.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Exercise 1:
the equation.

Example 2
the equation.
1.

Classifying Conic Section
It’s a
NO
Are PARABOLA.
both
variabl It’s a
YES
HYPERBOLA.
es Are the
square squared
d? YES terms
subtracted Are the
? coefficients of YES
NO
the squared
terms the
same? It’s a
CIRCLE.
NO
General It’s an
ELLIPSE.
Classifying Conic Section
It’s a
NO
Are PARABOLA.
both
variabl It’s a
YES
HYPERBOLA.
es Are the
square squared
d? YES terms
subtracted Do the squared
? terms have the YES
NO
same
denominators? It’s a
CIRCLE.
NO
Standard It’s an
ELLIPSE.
QUIZ
the equation.
1.
2.
3.
Question
s?
33
Learning
objectives
At the end of the discussion, the students are
expected to:
a. understand how conic sections are formed;
b. identify the different types of conic sections
defined by a set of points;
c. determine the type of conic section defined by a
given 2nd-degree equation in x and y.
CORE118 | One-to-one and Inverse Function 34

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Introduction to

1. Describe how the plane intersects with the cone.

STEM 111 | Introduction to Conic Section 3

STEM 111 | Introduction to Conic Section 5

STEM 111 | Introduction to Conic Section 6

STEM 111 | Introduction to Conic Section 7

STEM 111 | Introduction to Conic Section 12

STEM 111 | Introduction to Conic Section 13

At the vertex of the cone, the radius is , .

STEM 111 | Introduction to Conic Section 14

STEM 111 | Introduction to Conic Section 15

For this conic section, the coefficients in

STEM 111 | Introduction to Conic Section 16

The graph is either a conic or , a

• If , it is either a circle or an ellipse.

STEM 111 | Introduction to Conic Section 25

STEM 111 | Introduction to Conic Section 26

STEM 111 | Introduction to Conic Section 28

STEM 111 | Introduction to Conic Section 29

CORE118 | One-to-one and Inverse Function 34

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