LESSON 1: PLAN AND

PREPARE FOR INSTALLATION

Occupational safety and
health (OSH)

is a planned system of working to

prevent illness and injury where
you work by recognizing and
identifying hazards and risks.
Procedure
Identify the hazard
Clear the area close to the
hazard
Partition the hazard off or clearly
identify the area to protect other
people from harm
If the hazard is easily and safely
cleared, then do so
If not…
Report the hazard to the
appropriate person (such as
teacher in charge, principal etc.)
to obtain assistance
Following clearing of the hazard
fill out the correct documentation
to assist in identifying improved
practice to reduce further
incidence of hazards.
All hazards must be reported
using Accidental Report form.
This enables us to track the kinds
of hazards we have in our
workplace, and take action where
necessary to make it safer for all
student and clients.
ACCIDENT REPORT FORM
SAMPLE
Hazardous substances
 Ifthe workplace hazard appears to be
dangerous to staff and clients and
professional assistance is required:
◦ A. Call the supervisor or manager and
advise them of the problem and the
urgency of the matter.
◦ B. Depending on the risk it may be called
as an evacuation.
◦ C. Follow the evacuation procedure.
◦ D. The supervisor or manager will call in the
fire brigade or specialized personnel who
will deal with the spill.
Fire exits
All fire exits should be kept clear of
from obstacles. All students have a
responsibility to make sure that
chairs, empty boxes or any other
type of obstacle are not placed in
or near fire exit doorways.
All corridors also need to have
equipment stored on one side only
to ensure that in the event of an
emergency there is a clear exit.
If you find the fire
 Assess the danger prior to doing anything.
 If it is safe to move assist anyone in the
vicinity of the fire away from danger.
 If it is possible close the door to the fire area.
 Call for assistance. Verbally call FIRE, FIRE, in
a loud and clear voice.
 Break the glass section of the fire alert call
point.
 Ensure you know where the fire is, any other
details that may be of assistance to the fire
brigade. Details could be size of the fire,
cause or type of fire, any people hurt or
trapped, has anyone tried to put it out.
If the designated fire officer
is not present, someone
quickly needs to take
responsibility and:

◦ Locate the source of the fire.

◦ Remove all people from the building.
◦ Once outside do a head count
◦ Notify the authorities.
Personal Safety While
Working with PC’s
Wear shoes with non-conductive rubber
soles to help reduce the chance of being
shocked or seriously injured in an electrical
accident.
Do not work on components that are
plugged into their power source.
Do not remove expansion cards from a
computer when it is turned on.
Remove jewelries when working inside any
computer related equipment.
Be sure not to mix electronic components
and water.
UNDERSTANDING
COMPUTER
A computer is one of the most
brilliant inventions of mankind.
Due to computers, we have been
able to speed up daily work, carry
out critical transactions and
achieve accuracy and precision in
work.
3Types of Computers
1. Analog Computers
 These are almost
extinct today. These
are different from a
digital computer
because an analog
computer can perform
several mathematical
operations
simultaneously. It uses
continuous variables
for mathematical
operations and utilizes
mechanical or
electrical energy.
2. Digital Computers

 They use digital circuits

and are designed to
operate on two states,
namely bits 0 and 1.
They are analogous to
states ON and OFF. Data
on these computers is
represented as a series
of 0s and 1s. Digital
computers are suitable
for complex computation
and have higher
processing speeds. They
are programmable.
3. Hybrid Computers

These computers
are a combination
of both digital and
analog computers.
In this type of
computers, the
digital segments
perform process
control by
conversion of
analog signals to
digital ones.
CLASSIFICATION OF
COMPUTERS
Mainframe Computers:

 Large organizations
use mainframes for
highly critical
applications such as
bulk data processing
and ERP. Most of the
mainframe computers
have the capacities to
host multiple
operating systems and
operate as a number
of virtual machines
and can substitute for
several small servers.
used primarily by corporate and
governmental organizations for
critical applications, bulk data
processing such as census,
industry and consumer statistics,
enterprise resource planning and
transaction processing.
Minicomputers
 Interms of size and
processing capacity,
minicomputers lie in
between mainframes
and microcomputers.
Minicomputers are also
called mid-range
systems or
workstations. The term
began to be popularly
used in the 1960s to
refer to relatively
smaller third
generation computers.
 Servers
They are
computers
designed to
provide services
to client
machines in a
computer
network. They
have larger
storage
capacities and
powerful
 Supercomputers
 The highly calculation-
intensive tasks can be
effectively performed by
means of
supercomputers.
Quantum physics,
mechanics, weather
forecasting, molecular
theory are best studied
by means of
supercomputers. Their
ability of parallel
processing and their
well-designed memory
hierarchy give the
 Microcomputers:
 A computer with a
microprocessor and its
central processing unit it is
known as a microcomputer.
They do not occupy space
as much as mainframes do.
When supplemented with a
keyboard and a mouse,
microcomputers can be
called personal computers.
A monitor, a keyboard and
other similar input output
devices, computer memory
in the form of RAM and a
power supply unit come
packaged in a
DIFFERENT FORMS
OF COMPUTERS
Desktops
 A desktop is intended
to be used on a single
location. The spare
parts of a desktop
computer are readily
available at relatively
lower costs. Power
consumption is not as
critical as that in
laptops. Desktops are
widely popular for
daily use in the
workplace and
households.
Laptops
Similarin operation
to desktops, laptop
computers are
miniaturized and
optimized for
mobile use. Laptops
run on a single
battery or an
external adapter
that charges the
computer batteries.
Netbooks
They fall in the
category of laptops,
but are inexpensive
and relatively
smaller in size.
They had a smaller
feature set and
lesser capacities in
comparison to
regular laptops, at
the time they came
into the market.
Personal Digital Assistants
(PDAs)
 Itis a handheld
computer and
popularly known as a
palmtop. It has a touch
screen and a memory
card for storage of
data. PDAs can also be
used as portable audio
players, web browsers
and smart phones.
Most of them can
access the Internet by
means of Bluetooth or
Wi-Fi communication.
Tablet Computers
 Tabletsare mobile
computers that are
very handy to use.
They use the touch
screen technology.
Tablets come with
an onscreen
keyboard or use a
stylus or a digital
pen. Apple's iPod
redefined the class
of tablet computers.
Wearable Computers
 A record-setting 
step in the evolution
of computers was
the creation of
wearable
computers. These
computers can be
worn on the body
and are often used
in the study of
behavior modeling
and human health.
QUIZ
 Direction: Identify the type of computer being
described in the following sentences and write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper
1. These are mobile computers that are very handy to use.
2. They are computers designed to provide services to client
machines in a computer network.
3. They are also called mid-range systems or workstations.
4. A computer with a microprocessor and its central processing
unit.
5. They fall in the category of laptops, but are inexpensive and
relatively smaller in size.
6. A type of computer which is intended be used on a single
location.
7. They use digital circuits and are designed to operate on two
states, namely bits 0 and 1.
8. Computers that have the capacities to host multiple operating
systems and operate as a number of virtual machines and can
substitute for several small servers.
9. It is a handheld computer and popularly known as a palmtop.
COMPUTER SYSTEM,
DEVICES AND
PERIPHERALS
What is an Operating
System?
 The operating system is the most
important program that runs on a computer.
Every general-purpose computer must have
an operating system to run other programs.
Operating systems perform basic tasks, such
as recognizing input from the keyboard,
sending output to the display screen, keeping
track of files and directories on the disk, and
controlling peripheral devices such as disk
drives and printers.
 The operating system is also responsible
for security, ensuring that unauthorized users
do not access the system.
Operating systems can be
classified as follows:
Multi-user: Allows two or more users
to run programs at the same time.
Some operating systems permit
hundreds or even thousands of
concurrent users.

Linux
Unix
Windows 2000
Multiprocessing : Supports
running a program on more than
one CPU.

Linux
Unix
Windows 2000
 Multitasking : Allows more than one
program to run concurrently.
Unix
Windows 2000
Windows multi point
Multithreading : Allows different
parts of a single program to run
concurrently.

Linux
Unix
Windows 2000 and Windows 7
Real time: Responds to input
instantly. General-purpose operating
systems, such as DOS and UNIX, are
not real-time.
What are the devices of a
computer?
The physical, touchable,
electronic and mechanical parts
of a computer are called the
hardware which is composed of
different devices attached to the
computer
System Unit
The main part of a
microcomputer, sometimes called
the chassis. It includes the
following parts: Motherboard,
Microprocessor, Memory Chips,
Buses, Ports, Expansion Slots and
Cards.
Motherboard / Mainboard /
System Board
The main circuit board of a
computer. It contains all the
circuits and components that run
the computer.
CPU (Central Processing
Unit)
The processor is the main “brain”
or “heart” of a computer system.
It performs all of the instructions
and calculations that are needed
and manages the flow of
information through a computer.
Primary storage
(internal storage, main memory
or memory) is the computer's
working storage space that holds
data, instructions for processing
and processed data (information)
waiting to be sent to secondary
storage. Physically, primary
storage is a collection of RAM
chips.
Two (2) Types of Memory
ROM – (Read Only Memory) ROM
is non-volatile, meaning it holds
data even when the power is ON
or OFF.
RAM – (Random Access Memory)
RAM is volatile, meaning it holds
data only when the power is on.
When the power is off, RAM's
contents are lost.
Expansion Bus
A bus is a data pathway between
several hardware components inside
or outside a computer. It does not only
connect the parts of the CPU to each
other, but also links the CPU with
other important hardware.
Adapters
Printed-circuitboards (also called
interface cards) that enable the
computer to use a peripheral device
for which it does not have the
necessary connections or circuit
boards. They are often used to permit
upgrading to a new different
hardware.
Power Supply Unit
(PSU)
Installedin the back corner of the
PC case, next to the
motherboard. It converts 120vac
(standard house power) into DC
voltages that are used by other
components in the PC.
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
Also known as hard drive, is a
magnetic storage device that is
installed inside the computer. The
hard drive is used as permanent
storage for data. In a Windows
computer, the hard drive is usually
configured as the C: drive and
contains the operating system and
applications.
Optical Drive
An optical drive is a storage device
that uses lasers to read data on the
optical media. There are three types of
optical drives: Compact Disc (CD),
Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) and Blu-
ray Disc (BD).
Digital Versatile Disc
Designed to optically access data
stored on a DVD. A laser moves
back and forth near the disk
surface and accesses data at a
very fast rate.
WHAT ARE THE INPUT
AND OUTPUT
DEVICES OF A
COMPUTER?
The devices attached to a personal
computer can be classified into two-
the input and output devices. Input
Device is composed of a device that
accepts data and instructions from the
user or from another computer
system. While, output device is any
piece of computer hardware that
displays results after the computer has
processed the input data that has
been entered.
TWO (2) TYPES OF
INPUT DEVICES
Keyboard Entry
Data is inputted to the computer
through a keyboard.
Keyboard - The first input
device developed for the PC.
Data is transferred to the PC over
a short cable with a circular 6-pin
Mini-din connector that plugs into
the back of the motherboard.
Direct Entry
A form of input that does not
require data to be keyed by
someone sitting at a keyboard.
Direct-entry devices create
machine-readable data on paper,
or magnetic media, or feed it
directly into the computer’s CPU.
Three Categories of Direct
Entry Devices
1. Pointing Devices - An input device
used to move the pointer (cursor) on screen.
◦ Mouse - The most common 'pointing device'
used in PCs. Every mouse has two buttons
and most have one or two scroll wheels.
◦ Touch screen- A display screen that is
sensitive to the touch of a finger or stylus.
Used in myriad applications, including ATM
machines, retail point-of-sale terminals, car
navigation and industrial controls. The touch
screen became wildly popular for smart
phones and tablets.
◦ Light Pen - A light-sensitive stylus wired to
a video terminal used to draw pictures or
◦ Digitizer Tablet - A graphics
drawing tablet used for sketching
new images or tracing old ones. Also
called a "graphics tablet," the user
contacts the surface of the device
with a wired or wireless pen or puck.
Often mistakenly called a mouse, the
puck is officially the "tablet cursor."
2. Scanning Devices-
A device that can read text or
illustrations printed on paper and
translates the information into a
form the computer can use.
3. Voice- Input Devices - Audio input
devices also known as speech or voice
recognition systems that allow a user
to send audio signals to a computer
for processing, recording, or carrying
out commands. Audio input devices
such as microphones allow users to
speak to the computer in order to
record a voice message or navigate
software.
Output Devices
1. Computer Display Monitor- It
displays information in visual
form, using text and graphics.
The portion of the monitor that
displays the information is called
the screen or video display
terminal.
Types of Monitor
 CRT Monitors - Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT) were
the only type of displays for use with desktop
PCs. They are relatively big (14" to 16" deep) and
heavy (over 15 lbs).
 LCD Monitors – Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
technology has been used in laptops for some
time. It has recently been made commercially
available as monitors for desktop PCs.
 LED Monitors (Light Emitting Diode) - A display
and lighting technology used in almost every
electrical and electronic product on the market,
from a tiny on/off light to digital readouts,
flashlights, traffic lights and perimeter lighting.
2. LCD Projectors- utilize two sheets
of polarizing material with a liquid
crystal solution between them. An
electric current passed through the
liquid causes the crystals to align so
that light cannot pass through them.
Each crystal, therefore, is like a
shutter, either allowing light to pass
through or blocking the light.
3.Smart Board - A type of display
screen that has a touch sensitive
transparent panel covering the
screen, which is similar to a touch
screen.
4. Printer - A device that prints
text or illustrations on paper.
 Types of printer
 Ink-Jet or Bubble-Jet Printer - spays ink at a
sheet of paper. Ink-jet printers produce high-
quality text and graphics.
 Laser Printer - Uses the same technology as
copy machines. Laser printers produce very high
quality text and graphics.
 LCD and LED Printer- Similar to a laser printer,
but uses liquid crystals or light-emitting diodes
rather than a laser to produce an image on the
drum.
 Line Printer - Contains a chain of characters or
pins that print an entire line at one time. Line
printers are very fast, but produce low-quality
print.
5. Speakers - Used to play sound.
They may be built into the
system unit or connected with
cables. Speakers allow you to
listen to music and hear sound
effects from your computer.
What is a Storage
Device?
Aside from the devices attached
on a PC, there are also the so
called storage devices that
perform a special task in
computing system.
Storage device is any apparatus
for recording computer data in a
permanent or semi-permanent
form.
 Types of storage devices
 Floppy diskette- is a random access, removable data storage medium that
can be used with personal computers. The term usually refers to the magnetic
medium housed in a rigid plastic cartridge measuring 3.5 inches square and
about 2millimeters thick. Also called a "3.5-inch diskette," it can store up to 1.44
megabytes (MB) of data.
 Compact disc (CD) – also called optical disc is a nonmagnetic, polished metal
disk used to store digital information. The disc is read by the CD- ROM.
 Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)- an optical disc technology with a 4.7 gigabyte
storage capacity on a single-sided, one-layered disk, which is enough for a 133-
minute movie.
 Jump drive and USB flash drive- is a plug-and-play portable storage device
that uses flash memory and is lightweight enough to attach to a key chain. A
USB drive can be used in place of a floppy disk, Zip drive disk, or CD.
 Hard drive- is the main, and usually largest, data storage device in a
computer. The operating system, software titles and most other files are stored
in the hard disk drive.
 LS-120- is a drive which supports a special floppy diskette which can store up
to 120MB of information as well as being backwards compatible and still
supporting the standard 1.44MB floppy diskettes.
 Zip drive-is a small, portable disk drive used primarily for backing up and
archiving personal computer files.
NETWORK
A network consists of two or
more computers that are linked in
order to share resources (such as
printers and CD-ROMs), exchange
files, or allow electronic
communications.
The computers on a network may
be linked through cables,
telephone lines, radio waves,
satellites, or infrared light beams.
There are basic types of
networks which includes
the following:

LocalArea Network (LAN)

Wide Area Network (WAN)
Local Area Network
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a
network that is confined to a
relatively small area. It is
generally limited to a geographic
area such as a writing lab, school,
or building.
 In a typical LAN configuration, one
computer is designated as the file
server. It stores all of the software that
controls the network, as well as the
software that can be shared by the
computers attached to the network.
Computers connected to the file server
are called workstations. The
workstations can be less powerful than
the file server, and they may have
additional software on their hard drives.
Wide Area Network
Wide Area Networks (WANs)
connect larger geographic areas,
such as Florida, the United
States, or the world.
Networking Devices
Consist of, but are not limited to
non-local printers, workstations,
servers, webcams, data loggers,
instruments, dial-in devices, and,
in general anything that requires
an Ethernet connection. These
devices are supported on a best-
effort basis limited by the staffing
and equipment level available.
 Hub
is a small, simple,
inexpensive
device that joins
multiple
computers
together. Many
network hubs
available today
support
the Ethernet
standard. Other
types
including USB hub
Ethernet switch
is a device that
gathers the
signals from
devices that
are connected
to it, and then
regenerates a
new copy of
each signal.
Bridge
is a device filters
data traffic at a
network
boundary.
Bridges reduce
the amount of
traffic on a LAN
by dividing it
into two
segments.
Routers
are small
physical
devices that
join multiple
networks
together.
Modem
 is a contraction of the
terms modulator and
demodulator. Modems
perform a simple
function: They translate
digital signals from a
computer into analog
signals that can travel
across conventional
phone lines. The
modem modulates the
signal at the sending
end and demodulates
at the receiving end
Network interface
is a device that
connects a client
computer,
server, printer or
other component
to your network.
Network firewall
 protects a computer
network from
unauthorized access.
Network firewalls may
be hardware devices,
software programs, or a
combination of the two.
Network firewalls guard
an internal computer
network (home, school,
business intranet)
against malicious
access from the
outside.
QUIZ # 4:
DIRECTION:
Identify what is being
described in the
following sentences
and write your
answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
 1. It protects a computer network from
unauthorized access.
 2. Type of network that connect larger
geographic areas, such as Florida, the
United States, or the world.
 3. This is an internetworking system
capable of joining together two networks
that use different base protocols.
 4. It is consists of two or more
computers that are linked in order to
share resources (such as printers and
CD-ROMs), exchange files, or allow
electronic communications.
 5. They translate digital signals from a
computer into analog signals that can
travel across conventional phone lines.
6. It is a device that connects a
client computer, server, printer or
other component to your
network.
7. A device filters data traffic at a
network boundary.
8. It is a device that gathers the
signals from devices that are
connected to it, and then
regenerates a new copy of each
signal.
9. It is a small, simple,
inexpensive device that joins
MATERIALS, TOOLS,
EQUIPMENT AND
TESTING DEVICES
Equipment and
Accessories
LAN Card – is a
network
interface card.
This is a
computer circuit
board or card
that is installed
in a computer so
that it can be
connected to a
network.
Server – is a
part of a
network. It is a
special computer
that users on the
network can
access to carry
out a particular
job.
Port hub /Port
– is a connector
on the back of a
computer or
other device. A
port is either a
serial port or a
parallel port.
Modem -
(Modulator-
Demodulator)
The modem is a
device that
allows a given
computer to
share data or
otherwise a
device which let
computers
exchange
Electro-Static Discharge
(ESD) Tool
Anti-staticwrist
strap – used to
prevent ESD
damage to
computer
equipment.
Electro-Static Discharge
(ESD) Tool
Anti-staticmat –
used to stand on
or place
hardware on to
prevent static
electricity from
building up.
HAND TOOL
Flat head
screwdriver -
used to loosen or
tighten slotted
screws.
HAND TOOL
Philips head
screwdriver –
used to loosen or
tighten
crosshead
screws.
HAND TOOL
Torx screwdriver
- used to loosen
or tighten screws
that have a star-
like depression
on the top, a
feature that is
mainly found on
laptop.
HAND TOOL
Hex driver –
sometimes
called a nut
driver, is used to
tighten nuts in
the same way
that a
screwdriver
tightens screws.
HAND TOOL
Needle-nose
pliers – used to
hold small parts.
HAND TOOL
Wire cutter –
used to strip and
cut wires.
HAND TOOL
Tweezers – used
to manipulate
small parts.
HAND TOOL
Part retriever –
used to retrieve
parts from
location that are
to small for your
hand to fit.
HAND TOOL
Flashlight – used
to light up areas
that you cannot
see well.
HAND TOOL
Long nose
Pliers – is used
for holding,
bending and
stretching the
lead of
electronics
component or
connecting wire.
HAND TOOL
Soldering Iron
– is used to join
two or more
metal conductors
with the support
of soldering lead
melted around it.
HAND TOOL
Desoldering
Tool – is used to
unsolder
unwanted parts
or component in
the circuit with
the support of
soldering pencil
CLEANING TOOL
Lint-free cloth –
used to clean
different
computer
components
without
scratching or
leaving debris.
CLEANING TOOL
Compressed air –
used to blow
away dust and
debris from
different
computer parts
without touching
the components.
CLEANING TOOL
Cable ties – used
to bundle cables
neatly inside and
outside of a
computer.
CLEANING TOOL
Parts organizer –
used to hold
screw, jumpers,
fasteners and
other small parts
and prevents
them from
getting mixed
together.
DIAGNOSTIC TOOL
Multimeter –
used to test the
integrity of
circuits and the
quality of
electricity in
computer
components.
DIAGNOSTIC TOOL
LAN Tester- for
RJ11,12,45& BNC
w/ Remote Unit.
This ergonomic
tester is
designed to test
most network
cable wiring.
You can either
conduct an auto
or manual test.
DIAGNOSTIC TOOL
UTP –
Unshielded
Twisted Pair, is a
popular type of
cable used in
computer
networking that
consists of two
shielded wires
twisted around
each