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Week 5 - Operating System

Introduction to Operating System

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Saravanan V
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1 views

Week 5 - Operating System

Introduction to Operating System

Uploaded by

Saravanan V
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

OPERATING SYSTEM

Operating Systems
Operating Systems
• The operating system is the most important
program
that runs on a computer.
• Operating system is an interface between
computer and user.
• It is responsible for the management and
coordination of activities and the sharing of
the resources of the computer.
Operating Systems
Operating Systems
First generation: direct input

• Run one job at a time


• Enter it into the computer (might require rewiring!)
• Run it
• Record the results
• Problem: lots of wasted computer time!
• Computer was idle during first and last steps
• Computers were very expensive!
• Goal: make better use of an expensive commodity:
computer time

CS 1550, cs.pitt.edu (originaly Chapter 1 4


modified by Ethan L. Miller and
Second generation: batch systems

• Bring cards to 1401


• Read cards onto input tape
• Put input tape on 7094
• Perform the computation, writing results to output tape
• Put output tape on 1401, which prints output
Structure of a typical 2nd generation job

Data for
$END
program

$RUN
FORTRAN $LOAD
program

$FORTRAN
$JOB, 10,6610802, ETHAN MILLER

CS 1550, cs.pitt.edu (originaly Chapter 1 6


modified by Ethan L. Miller and
Third generation: multiprogramming

Multiple jobs in memory


Protected from one another
Job 3 Operating system protected
from each job as well
Resources (time, hardware)
Job 2
split between jobs
Memory Still not interactive
partitions Job 1
User submits job
Computer runs it
User gets results minutes (hours,
Operating days) later
system
Operating Systems
Types of Operating System
• Real-time
• Multi-user vs. Single-user
• Multi-tasking vs. Single-
tasking
• Distributed
• Embedded
Operating Systems
Types of Operating System

Real-Time
• A real-time operating system is a
multitasking operating system that aims at
executing real-time applications.
• Responds to input instantly.
Operating Systems
Types of Operating System

Multi-user vs. Single user


 A multi-user operating system allows multiple
users to access a computer system
concurrently.
 Time-sharing system can be classified as
multi-user systems as they enable a multiple
user access to a computer through the
sharing of time.
 Single-user operating systems, as opposed to
a multi-user operating system, are usable by
a single user at a time.
Operating Systems
Types of Operating System

Multi-tasking vs. Single-tasking


 When a single program is allowed to run at
a time, the system is grouped under a single-
 tasking
While system
in case the operating allows
system execution of
multiple
classified tasks
as a multi-tasking
at one operating the
system. time, it

is
Operating Systems
Types of Operating System

Distributed
 A distributed operating system manages a
group of independent computers and makes
them appear to be a single computer.
 The development of networked computers
that could be linked and communicate with
each other, gave rise to distributed
computing.
Operating Systems
Types of Operating System

Embedded
 Embedded operating systems
are designed to be used in
embedded computer systems.
 They are designedto operateon small
machines like PDAs with less autonomy.
 They are able to operate with a
limited number of resources.
Operating Systems
Major Functions of Operating System
• Resource management
• Data management
• Job management
• Standard means of communication
between User
and Computer
Why are Operating Systems Important?
1. Important to understand and know how to
correctly use when writing user applications.
2. Large and complex systems that have a high
economic impact and result in interesting
problems of management.
3. Few actually involved in OS design and
implementation but nevertheless many general
techniques to be learned and applied.
4. Combines concepts from many other areas of
Computer Science: Architecture, Languages,
Data Structures, Algorithms, etc.

Vinod Sencha
THANK YOU

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