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Introduction Ch-1

it is the introduction of 1st chapter of engineering mechanics by RC HIBLER 12th ed

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15 views22 pages

Introduction Ch-1

it is the introduction of 1st chapter of engineering mechanics by RC HIBLER 12th ed

Uploaded by

aliammad431
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter # 1

Introduction : Engineering Mechanics

Professor Riaz Ahmad


[email protected]
Course outline: Document to be uploaded on MS
Teams
Wisdom Quotes
MARTIN FISCHER:

• Knowledge is a process of piling up facts;


wisdom lies in their simplification.
SAMUEL JOHNSON:

• Memory is the mother of all wisdom.


WHAT IS MECHANICS??
• A branch of Physical Sciences concerned with the state
of rest or motion of bodies subject to the action of Forces or
Displacement
Study of what happens to a “thing” (the technical name is
“body”) when FORCES are applied to it.

Thermodynamics, Solid
Mechanics, Mechanics of
Materials
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
•Length: Length is used to locate the position of a point in space and thereby
describe the size of a physical system.

•Time: Although the principles of statics are time independent. This quantity
plays an important role in the study of dynamics.

•Mass: Mass is a measure of a quantity of matter.

•Force: Force is considered as a "push" or "pull" exerted by one body on


another. This interaction can occur when there is direct contact between the
bodies, such as a person pushing on a wall. A force is completely characterized by
its magnitude, direction, and point of application.

•Idealizations
•Particle: Particle has a mass, but it size can be neglected.
• Rigid Body: A rigid body can be considered as a combination of a large
number of Particles
• Concentrated Forces: A load acting at a point on a body
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
Newton’s first law: A particle originally at rest or moving in a
straight line with constant velocity, tends to remain in this State
provided the particle is not subjected to an unbalanced force,

∑ 𝑭𝒊=0
𝑖 =1
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
• Newton’s second law: A particle acted upon by an
unbalanced force “F” experiences an acceleration “a”
that has the same direction as the force and a magnitude
that is directly proportional to the force. If “F” is applied to
a particle or mass “m”, this law may be expressed
mathematically as: F=m.a
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION

• Newton’s third Law: The mutual forces of action and


reaction between two particles are equal, opposite,
and collinear.
NEWTON’S LAW OF GRAVITATIONAL
ATTRACTION
Newton's Law of Gravitational Attraction: Shortly after
formulating his three laws of motion. Newton postulated a law
governing the gravitational attraction between any two
particles. Stated mathematically.

Where,
• F: Force of gravitational between the two particles.
• G: Universal constant of gravitation, according to
experimental evidence.

m1, m2: mass of each of the two particles.


• r: distance between the centers of two particles.(is the
distance between the earth’s center and the particle)
NEWTON’S LAW OF GRAVITATIONAL
ATTRACTION Contd

• Weight: Weight refers to the gravitational attraction


of the earth on a body or quantity of mass. The weight

𝑊 = 𝑚𝑔
of a particle having a mass is stated mathematically.

• Measurements give 𝒈 = 𝟗. 𝟖𝟎𝟔𝟔


• Therefore, a body of mass 1 kg has a weight of 9.81
N, a 2 kg body weights 19.62 N, and so on

9.81N
UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
SI units:
The international System of units. Abbreviated SI is a modern version
which has received worldwide recognition. The SI system defines length in
meters (m), time in seconds (s), and mass in kilograms (kg). In the SI system

force required to give 1 kilogram of mass and acceleration of 1 𝑚/𝑠2.


the unit of force, the Newton is a derived unit. Thus, 1 Newton (N) is equal to a

Name Length Time Mass Force


International Systems meter seconds kilogram Newton*
of Units

𝑘𝑔.𝑚/𝑠2
SI m s kg N

US Customary foot second Slug* pound


FPS ft s 𝑙𝑏.𝑠2/ft lb
*Derived unit
PREFIXES
When a numerical quantity is either very Large or very small, the units
used to define its size may be modified by using a prefix. Some of the
prefixes used in the SI system are shown in Table. Each represents a
multiple or submultiples of a unit which, if applied successively, moves the
decimal point of a numerical quantity to every third place. For example,
4000000N=4000kN (kilo-newton)=4MN (mega-newton), or 0.005m=5mm
(milli·meter).

Rules for proper use of the various SI symbols are given in text book. You
all must go through it. Reading Assignment (Sec1.3 to 1.5)
General Procedure for Analysis

• Most effective way of learning is “solving problems.


• Read the problem carefully and try to correlate the
actual physical situation with the theory studied.
• Tabulate the problem data and draw any necessary
diagrams.
• Apply the relevant principles, generally in mathematical
form.
• When writing any equations, be sure they are
dimensionally homogeneous.
• Solve the necessary equations, and report the answer
with no more than two decimal places.
Rules for Use of SI Units
Rules for Use. Here are a few of the important
rules that describe the proper use of the
various SI symbols:
Rules for Use of SI Units … Contd
Rules for Use. Here are a few of the important
rules that describe the proper use of the
various SI symbols:
Example 1.3
Example 1.3
Revise your Trigonometry
Practice Problems

Problem 1: Convert 2 km/h to m/s

Problem 2: Evaluate each of the following and express with SI units


having an appropriate prefix:
(a) (50 mN) (6 GN) (b) (400 mm) (0.6 MN)2 (c) 45 MN3 / 900 Gg

1-2, 1-3 and 1-5 of the book

Problem 6: Two particles have mass of 8 kg and 12 kg, respectively. If they


are 800 mm apart, determine the force of gravity acting between them.
(G = Universal constant of gravitation = 66.73 (10-12) m3 / (kg.s2)

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