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Computer Networking

transmission media

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Soumili Chatterjee
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10 views8 pages

Computer Networking

transmission media

Uploaded by

Soumili Chatterjee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER NETWORKING

MEDIUM OF DATA TRANSMISSION


Transmission Media
The transmission medium is the physical path between transmitter and
receiver. Transmission media are actually located the physical layer and directly
controlled by the physical layer. we could say that transmission media belong to zero.

TRANSMISSION MEDIUM AND PHYSICAL


LAYER
A transmission medium can be broadly defined as anything that can carry information
from a source to a destination.
For example,the transmission medium for two people having a dinner conversation is
the air.The air can also be used to convey the message in a smoke signal or
semaphore.For a written message,the transmission medium might be a mail carrier,a
truck , or an airplane.
Transmission media can be divided into two broad categories:
• Guided ,
• Unguided.

Transmission
media

Guided Media Unguided


(wired) (wireless)

Twisted-pair Coaxial cable Fiber-optic cable


cable Radio wave Microwave Infrared

Classes of transmission media


Guided Media
Guided media ,which are those that
provide a conduct from one device to another,include
twisted-pair cable,coaxial cable,and fiber-optic cable.
Twisted-pair cable:
Least –expensive and most widely
used.
Physical descriptions:
 A twisted pair consists of two conductors(normally
copper),each with its own plastic insulation,twisted
together.
 If the two wires are parallel ,the effect of these
Twisted-pair cable unwanted signals is not the same in both wires
because they are at different locations relative to
the noise or crosstalk sources.
Twisted-pair cable:
Applications
• Telephone network:subscriber loops
• Digital PBX within a building.
• Local area networks
• Long distances Applications.
Coaxial cable:
Applicatins:
 Television distribution
cable Tv system can carry dozens or even hundreds ofTv channels at
ranges up to a few tens of miles.
 Long-distance telephone transmission
using frequency –divisions multiplexing(FDM),a coaxial cable can carry over
10000 voice channels simultaneously.

Coaxial cable
Fiber-optic cable:
A fiber optic cable is made of glass or plastic and transmits signals in the
form of light.To understand optical fiber,we first need to explore several aspects of the
nature of light.

Benefits:
• Greater capacity
-data rates of hundreds of gbps
• Smaller size &weight
• Lower attenuation
• Electromagnetic isolation
Applications:
 Long-haul trunks
 Metropoliton trunks
 Subscriber loops
 Lans
Fiber-optic cable
Propagation Methods:
Current technology supports two modes(multimode and
single mode)for propagating light along optical channels, each
requiring fiber with different physical characteristics.Multimode can be
implanted in two forms: step-index or graded-index.
Propagation modes

Cable composition:
The compositionof a typical fiber_optic cable.the
outer-jacket is made of either PVC or Teflon.Inside the jacket
are Kevlar strands to strengthen the cable.Kevlar is a strong
material used in fabrication of bulletproof vests.Below the
kevlarvis another plastic coating to cushion the fiber.The fiber
is at the center of the cable,and consists of cladding and core.

Fiber construction
Unguided Media:
Unguided Medium transport electromagnetic waves without using a
physical conductor.This ype of communication is often referred to as Wireless
communication.

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