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Lesson 4 The Teaching Cycle

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40 views20 pages

Lesson 4 The Teaching Cycle

TMPG

Uploaded by

eunie grace
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT II

INSTRUCTIONA
L PLANNING
JULIE D. CAMACHO,
MAED.
LESSON 4
THE TEACHING
CYCLE
OBJECTIVE

• Demonstrate an understanding
1 and appreciation of the
instructional planning cycle.
INTRODUCTION

The work of a teacher does not start and end in


teaching per se. The teaching process is not a linear
activity that starts with planning and ends with testing.
Instead, it is a cycle of repeating stages until the students
acquire an understanding of the targeted concepts and
skills. You may think of the teaching cycle as a spring—
you go through the same process over and over again, but
each time with a more informed objective and a better
understanding of what it means to learn and teach
mathematics.
THE TEACHING CYCLE

There are many models of the teaching cycle that


various educators have developed over the years.
However, all models boil down to six common stages:
(1)identify objectives,
(2)plan instruction,
(3)implement plan,
(4)check for understanding,
(5)reflect on teaching, and
(6)assess learning and reflect on results.
THE TEACHING CYCLE

The cycle that involves these stages is illustrated below.


THE TEACHING CYCLE

1. Identify objectives
What knowledge and/or skills do the
students need to learn? You must be guided
by the content standards, performance
standards, and the learning competencies
that are found in the curriculum guide.
THE TEACHING CYCLE

2. Plan instruction
What strategies must be implemented for the
students to achieve the objectives targeted in the
previous stage? In planning instruction, it is important
that you have mastered the content of the lesson that
you are about to teach. It is also beneficial to be
familiar with your students — what they know, how
they learn, etc.
THE TEACHING CYCLE

3. Implement plan
This is the stage where you conduct the learning
activities that you have prepared during the planning
stage. A word of advice — even though you have
carefully and delicately planned for the lesson, you
must be flexible with the possible changes that you
need to accommodate. How will you know whether
change is needed?
THE TEACHING CYCLE

4. Check for understanding


Teaching is about helping students learn. During the
implementation of the lesson plan, you must every now and
then check whether the students have understood what you
have covered so far. Facial reactions and verbal cues help in
assessing whether or not the students can move on to another
concept or skill. If not, you might need to give a more
elaborate explanation, more examples, or whatever you think
is needed based on the students’ reactions. This stage also
makes use of formative assessments.
THE TEACHING CYCLE

5. Reflect on teaching
You must evaluate every teaching period that you finished.
Were the objectives achieved? Were the implemented
strategies effective? How can instruction be improved? Your
answers to the last two questions will give you an insight on
how to improve instruction the next time you teach the same
lesson. However, if your answer in the first question is no, i.e.,
the objectives were not met, then you need to plan again. What
do you need to do differently in order to achieve the
objectives?
THE TEACHING CYCLE

5. Reflect on teaching
You must evaluate every teaching period that you finished.
Were the objectives achieved? Were the implemented
strategies effective? How can instruction be improved? Your
answers to the last two questions will give you an insight on
how to improve instruction the next time you teach the same
lesson. However, if your answer in the first question is no, i.e.,
the objectives were not met, then you need to plan again. What
do you need to do differently in order to achieve the
objectives?
THE TEACHING CYCLE

6. Assess learning and reflect on the results


This stage gives you a concrete measure of what the
students have learned. In math, this is usually through a paper-
and-pen examination. However, some authentic assessments
may also be implemented. Take note that this stage does not
end in assessing learning. You need to reflect on the results.
What can you learn about student learning and teaching
practice based on the results?
THE TEACHING CYCLE

After assessment
and reflection, you will once
again identify the next learning
goals and so the cycle
continues.
THE TEACHING CYCLE

The following is a narrative of how a teacher


might experience the teaching cycle.
1. Identify objectives
Teacher Gina identified “multiplication of whole
numbers up to two digits” as the goal of her next lesson.
2. Plan instruction
Teacher Gina thought it is best to apply a
constructivist approach to help her students learn techniques in
multiplying whole numbers. She planned a lesson which
incorporates the problem-solving strategy.
THE TEACHING CYCLE

3. Implement plan
The class went on smoothly. The
activities that Teacher Gina prepared were
successfully done by her students.
4. Check for understanding
To make sure that her students
understood the lesson, Teacher Gina gave a
three-item exercise as an exit pass.
THE TEACHING CYCLE

5. Reflect on teaching
Based on the exit pass, Teacher Gina
found out that many of the students have
difficulty multiplying numbers that involve the
digit 8. So, she decided to do a find-your-error
activity the next day for the students to realize
their mistakes. She also planned to give a short
drill on skip counting by 8.
THE TEACHING CYCLE

6. Assess learning and reflect on the results


Teacher Gina, later on, gave a
multiplication quiz. Ninety percent of the students
passed. She planned to give remedial exercises to
those who failed. This teaching cycle taught
Teacher Gina that students can discover concepts
on their own. However, they must still be guided by
a teacher because misconceptions may arise.
SUMMARY

Teaching involves a repetitive cycle of


defining objectives, planning and implementing
instruction, assessing learning, and reflecting on
teaching and learning. Each part of the cycle
provides a better understanding of what it means to
teach and learn mathematics and should result in
better instruction in the next repetition of the cycle.
THANK
YOU!

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