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Class - 10 Compressors

class_10 Compressors

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Oilman006
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17 views14 pages

Class - 10 Compressors

class_10 Compressors

Uploaded by

Oilman006
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Compressors

surface operation 2-chp 10 compressors


Relationship and terms used to describe
pressure
Overall Compressor ratio

Compressors, blowers, and fans are such compression devices.


Compressors. Move air or gas in higher differential pressure ranges from 35
psi to as high as 65,000 psi in extreme cases.
Blowers. Move large volumes of air or gas at pressures up to 50 pounds per
square inch.
Fans. Move air or gas at a sufficient pressure to overcome static forces.
Discharge pressures range from a few inches of water to about 1 pound per
square inch
Methods of compression
Trap consecutive quantities of gas in some type of enclosure,
reduce the volume (thus increasing the pressure), then push the
compressed gas out of the enclosure.

Trap consecutive quantities of gas in some type of enclosure, carry


it without volume change to the discharge opening, compress
the gas by backflow from the discharge system, then push the
compressed gas out of the enclosure.

Compress the gas by the mechanical action of rapidly rotating


impellers or bladed rotors that impart velocity and pressure to
the flowing gas. (Velocity is further converted into pressure in
stationary diffusers or blades.)

Entrain the gas in a high velocity jet of the same or another gas
(usually, but not necessarily, steam) and convert the high
velocity of the mixture into pressure in a diffuser.
Reciprocating compressor:
How compressor works
Limitation with compression
 Discharge pressure - all types.
 Pressure rise or differential - dynamic units and most
displacement types.
 Compression ratio - dynamic units.
 Effect of clearance - reciprocating units (this is related to the
compression ratio).
 Desirability of saving power.

When any limitation is involved, it becomes necessary to perform


the work in more than one step of the compression process.
This is termed multistaging and uses one basic machine
element designed to operate in series with other elements of
the machine.
A stage of compression consist of:
1. Scrubber
2. Cylinder
3. After cooler
High speed reciprocating compressor frames
and cylinders:

Throw: No of pistons
‘Separable’: The compressor
and driver are separated by
coupling or gear box.
‘Integral’: Power cylinders are
mounted on the same frame
as the compressor cylinders,
and the power pistons are
attached to the same drive
shaft as the compressor
cylinders.
The major characteristics of high-speed
reciprocating compressors:

Size:
 50 hp to 3000 hp.
 2, 4, or 6 compressor cylinders are common.
Advantages:
 Can be skid mounted.
 Self-contained for easy installation and easily moved.
 Low cost compared to low-speed reciprocating units.
 Easily piped for multistage compression.
 Size suitable for field gathering offshore and onshore.
 Flexible capacity limits.
 Low initial cost.
Disadvantages:
 High-speed engines are not as fuel efficient as integral engines (7,500 to
9,000 Btu/bhp-hr).
 Medium range compressor efficiency (higher than centrifugal; lower than low-
speed).
 Short life compared to low-speed.
 Higher maintenance cost than low-speed or centrifugal.
The major characteristics of low-speed
reciprocating compressors:

Size
 Some one and two power cylinder field gas compressors rated for 40 hp to
360 hp.
 Numerous sizes from 2,000 hp to 4,000 hp.
 Large sizes 2,000 hp increments to 12,000 hp.
 2 to 10 compressor cylinders common.
Advantages
 High fuel efficiency (6-8,000 Btu/bhp-hr).
 High efficiency compression over a wide range of conditions.
 Long operating life.
 Low operation and maintenance cost when compared to high speeds.
Disadvantages
 Usually must be field erected except for very small sizes.
 Requires heavy foundation.
 High installation cost.
 Slow speed requires high degree of vibration and pulsation suppression.
Vane-Type Rotary Compressors
Size

 Common sizes up to 250 bhp, but mostly used for applications


under 125bhp.

 Available in sizes to 500 bhp.

 Discharge pressures to 400 psig.

Advantages

 Good in vacuum service.

 No pulsating flow.

 Less space.

 Inexpensive for low hp vapor recovery or vacuum service

Disadvantages

 Must have clean air or gas.

 Takes 5 to 20% more horsepower than reciprocating.

 Uses ten times the oil of a reciprocating. Usually install after-cooler


and separator to recycle oil.
Helical-Lobe (Screw) Rotary
Compressors
The major characteristics of screw compressors are:
Size
 Up to 6,000 hp in air service, but more common
below 800 hp,
 Up to 400 hp in hydrocarbon service,
 Discharge pressures to 250 psig.
 Single- or two-stage in tandern on same shaft.
Advantages
 Available as non-lubricated especially for air
service.
 Can handle dirty gas.
 Can handle moderate amounts of liquids, but no
slugs.
 No pulsating flow.
 At low discharge pressure (<50 psig) can be more
efficient than reciprocating.
Disadvantages
 In hydrocarbon service needs seal oil with after-
cooler and separator to recycle oil.
 At discharge pressure over 50 psig takes 10 to
20% more horsepower than reciprocating.
 Low tolerance to change in operating conditions of
temperature, pressure, and ratio.
Centrifugal
Compressors

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