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Lec 2 Functions

Calculus functions sketching

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8 views17 pages

Lec 2 Functions

Calculus functions sketching

Uploaded by

mibrahim13as
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATH-101

CALCULUS AND
ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY
Atifa Kanwal
[email protected]
Office # 303, Faculty Block, SEECS, NUST
CHAPTER 1
FUNCTIONS AND
THEIR GRAPHS
Section: 1.1 to 1.3
Text Book: Thomas’ Calculus (14th Ed)
FUNCTIONS
Section: 1.1
Text Book: Thomas’ Calculus (14th Ed)
Functions
Definition:
A function from a set to a set (written as
) is a rule that assigns a unique/single
element to each element in .

Examples:

Not a Function Function


Functions…
The set is called codomain.
The set of all possible
The range may not include
input values is called the
every element in the set
domain of the function.
(codomain).
The set of all values
of as varies
throughout is called
the range of the
function.

Mathematically we write
Example 2:
Let us consider .
Here
and
• If function’s domain is not given then domain of function is largest
subset of real numbers for which given formula of function is
defined.
Example 3:
Consider
Find its domain.
Solution:
is defined for . Thus
The vertical line test for function
Every vertical line intersects graph of a function in at most
one point.

Example 4: let us consider graph


of unit circle .
If we draw a vertical line any
where between , it intersects the
circle at two points so curve of
circle is not a function.
• But if we consider upper and lower halves separately then they
are graphs of functions.

• Mathematically,
, i.e, for each , image is not unique.
But (upper half)and (lower half) are functions.
Example 5:
Let us consider some more curves.

𝑦 𝑥=2

Not a function Function


Exercise: If y-axis=domain and x-axis-range then which of the
above curves are functions.

𝑦 𝑥 =2
(c)
(a) (b)

𝑥
Piecewise Defined Functions
Sometimes a function is described by using different formulas
on different parts of its domain.
Example 6: Absolute Value Function
Absolute value function is denoted by and defined as
Piecewise Defined Functions

Example 7:
Consider the function
Developing Function Formulas
Example 6:
An open box is to be made from
a 16-inch by 30-inch piece of
cardboard by cutting out
squares of equal size from the
four corners and bending up
the sides. Let be the volume of
the box that results when the
squares have sides of length .
Find a formula for as a function
Solution:
of .
Also find the domain of .
Example 7
A construction company has adjoined a rectangular enclosure to its
office building. Three sides of the enclosure are fenced in. The side of
the building adjacent to the enclosure is long and a portion of this side is
used as the fourth side of the enclosure. Let and be the dimensions of
the enclosure, where is measured parallel to the building, and let be
the length of fencing required for those dimensions.
(a) Find a formula for in terms of and .
(b) Find a formula that expresses as a function of alone.
(c) What is the domain of the function in part (b)?
Some famous Functions/Curves and their
Graphs: Line
• Equation of a line passing through two points and is

• Slope intercept form is , is the slope and is .


• is equation of a line passing through origin.
Equation of a circle having
Circle center at origin and radius is
• Circle: Equation of a circle having
center at and radius is
𝑟

General equation
Parabola of Parabola is
Exercise

• Exercise 1.1(14th Ed): Q 1 to Q 32,


Q63 to Q 68, Q73 to Q76

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