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Lecture 3

Equation of line

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Farhad sarwan
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4 views

Lecture 3

Equation of line

Uploaded by

Farhad sarwan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Equations of line

1. Cartesian coordinates
in the plane
2. Increments & Distance
3. Slope
4. Straight Lines
Increments
The Net change in the coordinates of a
point is
called increment.

If a particle changes its position from a


point P1(x1, y1) to another point P2 (x2, y2)
Then the net change in its coordinates is
given
by…
∆x = x2 – x1 & ∆y = y2 – y1
Distance
• The distance between any two
points is calculated by
Pythagorean Formula.
• The formula for the distance
between P1(x1, y1) and P2(x2, y2) is:
d  (x) 2  (y ) 2  ( x2  x1 ) 2  ( y2  y1 ) 2
Examples

Find the distance between P(-1, 2) & Q(3, 4).


Find the distance from the origin to P(x, y).
Find the distance from A(-1, -2) & B(-3, 2).
Find the distance from A(-3, 2) & B(-1, -2)
Find the distance from A(-3.2, -2) & B(-8.1, -2).
Find the distance from A(√2, 4) & B(0, 1.5)
Straight Lines
• Let P1(x1, y1) & P2(x2, y2) be two points in the plane.
The increment ∆x = x2 - x1 is called the run, and the
increment ∆y = y2 – y1 is called the rise. Two such
points always determine a unique straight line
( simply called a line) passing through them. We call
the line p1p2.
• For any nonvertical line in the plane the ratio
yRise
m 
x Run

has the same value for every choice of the points P1(x1,
y1) & P2(x2, y2) on the line.
Slope
DEFINITION:
rise y y2  y1
The constant m  
run x x2  x1
is the slope of the nonvertical line P1P2.
• The slope tells us the direction (uphill, downhill) and
steepness of a line.
• A line with positive slope rises uphill to the right; one with
negative slope falls downhill to the right.
• The greater the absolute value of the slope, the more rapid
the rise or fall.
• The slope of a vertical line is undefined. Since the run ∆x
is zero for a vertical line, we can’t find the ratio m.
Point-Slope Equation of
Line
• The equation of a straight line
passing through point (x1, y1)
having slope m is given by
y y1  m(x  x1 )

Explanation with Examples on


board…
Exercise Questions

17. Write an equation of line which


passes through
(-1, 1) with Slope -1.
18. Write an equation of line which
passes through
(2, -3) with Slope 1/2.

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