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Topic12ADTS GenericDataStructures

generic data structures

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2 views

Topic12ADTS GenericDataStructures

generic data structures

Uploaded by

MAJID
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ADTS, Data Structures, Java Collections

and Generic Data Structures

"Get your data structures correct


first, and the rest of the program will
write itself."
- David Jones

CS 307 Fundamentals of ADTS and Generic Data Structures 1


Computer Science
Abstract Data Types
 Abstract Data Types (aka ADTs) are
descriptions of how a data type will work
without implementation details
 Description can be a formal, mathematical
description
 Java interfaces are a form of ADTs
– some implementation details start to creep in

CS 307 Fundamentals of ADTS and Generic Data Structures 2


Computer Science
Data Structures
 A Data Structure is:
– an implementation of an abstract data type and
– "An organization of information, usually in
computer memory", for better algorithm
efficiency."
List Object
aList
size 5
myElements
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A C E B A
CS 307 Fundamentals of 3
Computer Science ADTs and Data Structures
Data Structure Concepts
 Data Structures are containers:
– they hold other data
– arrays are a data structure
– ... so are lists
 Other types of data structures:
– stack, queue, tree,
binary search tree, hash table,
dictionary or map, set, and on and on
 Different types of data structures are optimized for
certain types of operations

CS 307 Fundamentals of 4
Computer Science ADTs and Data Structures
Core Operations
 Data Structures will have 3 core operations
– a way to add things
– a way to remove things
– a way to access things
 Details of these operations depend on the
data structure
– Example: List, add at the end, access by
location, remove by location
 More operations added depending on what
data structure is designed to do
CS 307 Fundamentals of 5
Computer Science ADTs and Data Structures
ADTs and Data Structures in
Programming Languages
 Modern programming languages usually
have a library of data structures
– Java collections framework
– C++ standard template library
– .Net framework (small portion of VERY large
library)
– Python lists and tuples
– Lisp lists

CS 307 Fundamentals of 6
Computer Science ADTs and Data Structures
Data Structures in Java
 Part of the Java Standard Library is the
Collections Framework
– In class we will create our own data structures
and discuss the data structures that exist in Java
 A library of data structures
 Built on two interfaces
– Collection
– Iterator
 http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/guide/
collections/index.html
CS 307 Fundamentals of 7
Computer Science ADTs and Data Structures
The Java Collection interface
 A generic collection
 Can hold any object data type
 Which type a particular collection will hold is
specified when declaring an instance of a
class that implements the Collection interface
 Helps guarantee type safety at compile time

CS 307 Fundamentals of 8
Computer Science ADTs and Data Structures
Methods in the Collection interface
public interface Collection<E>
{ public boolean add(E o)
public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c)
public void clear()
public boolean contains(Object o)
public boolean containsAll(Collection<?> c)
public boolean equals(Object o)
public int hashCode()
public boolean isEmpty()
public Iterator<E> iterator()
public boolean remove(Object o)
public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c)
public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c)
public int size()
public Object[] toArray()
public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a)
}
CS 307 Fundamentals of 9
Computer Science ADTs and Data Structures
The Java ArrayList Class
 Implements the List interface and uses an
array as its internal storage container
 It is a list, not an array
 The array that actual stores the elements of
the list is hidden, not visible outside of the
ArrayList class
 all actions on ArrayList objects are via the
methods
 ArrayLists are generic.
– They can hold objects of any type!
CS 307 Fundamentals of 10
Computer Science ADTs and Data Structures
Attendance Question 1
 What is output by the following code?
ArrayList list = new ArrayList();
String name = "Olivia";
list.add(name);
System.out.print( list.get(0).charAt(2) );
A. i
B. O
C. l
D. No output due to syntax error.
E. No output due to runtime error.
CS 307 Fundamentals of ADTS and Generic Data Structures 11
Computer Science
Using Generic Types
 Back to Java's ArrayList
ArrayList list1 = new ArrayList();
– still allowed, a "raw" ArrayList
– works just like our first pass at GenericList
– casting, lack of type safety

CS 307 Fundamentals of ADTS and Generic Data Structures 12


Computer Science
Generic Types and Subclasses
ArrayList<ClosedShape> list5 =
new ArrayList<ClosedShape>();
list5.add( new Rectangle() );
list5.add( new Square() );
list5.add( new Circle() );
// all okay
 list5 can store ClosedShapes and any
descendants of ClosedShape

CS 307 Fundamentals of ADTS and Generic Data Structures 13


Computer Science

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