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Deductive Reasoning2

Deductive reasoning presentation

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18 views12 pages

Deductive Reasoning2

Deductive reasoning presentation

Uploaded by

jhonnymiller06
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Deductive

Reasoning

Ranch Raven D. Dagno & Joshua J. Capariño


Deductive Reasoning
 Drawing of a true conclusion from a set of premises via
logically valid steps. A conclusion can be said to be
deductively valid if both conclusion and premises are
true.
Process of reaching a conclusion by applying general
ideas called “premises”
It is the process of reaching a conclusion by applying
general; assumption, procedures and principles.
Creator of the Deductive Reasoning
• The Greek Philosopher Aristotle, who is considered the
father of deductive reasoning, wrote the following classic
example:
P1. All men are immortal
P2. Socrates is a man
1. Therefore, Socrates is a man
Syllogism
• A form of deductive reasoning where you arrive at a
specific conclusion by examining two other premises or
ideas.
• A brief form for stating an argument that consist of two
statements and a conclusion that must be true if these two
statements are true.
Example:
• If a number is divisible by 2, then it must be an even. (Premise
1)

12 is divisible by 2. (Premise 2)
Therefor 12 is an even number (Conclusion)

• If a and are supplementary angles, their sum is 180. (Premise 1)


If m =100, (Premise 2)
then m . (Conclusion)
Deductive Reasoning in Geometry
Solve for x in the equation 3(x+4) – 2x =
20
Statement Reasons
3(x+4) – 2x =20 Given
3x+12 – 2x =20 Distributive Property
3x + 2x + 12 = 20 Commutative Property
x + 12 = 20 Closure Property
x = 20 – 12 Transposition
x=8 Closure Property
Other type of Deductive Reasoning

• Modus Ponens
• Modus Tollens
Modus Ponens

• In propositional logic, modus ponens, also known as modus


ponendo ponens (from Latin 'method of putting by placing'),
implication elimination, or affirming the antecedent, is a deductive
argument form and rule of inference. It can be summarized as "P
implies Q. P is true. Therefore, Q must also be true.“
• Known as "affirming the antecedent."
Example:
• Customers shop most on Saturdays. Today is Saturday;
therefore, customers will shop for more goods today.
• If today is Tuesday, then John will go to work. Today is
Tuesday. Therefore, John will go to work.
• It is bright and sunny today. Therefore, I will wear my
sunglasses.
Modus Tollens
• A valid form of deductive argument also known as
denying the consequent. Used in formal logic, modus
tollens is a type of hypothetical syllogism that involves an
if–then statement followed by a negation of the “then”
statement. It is typically expressed as follows: If P, then Q.
• The opposite of modus ponens. While modus ponens
affirms a conditional statement, modus tollens denies it.
Example:

• If customers shop most on Saturdays, and customers


don't shop for more goods today, then today is not
Saturday.
• I will not wear my sunglasses. Therefore, it is not bright
and sunny today
THANK YOU!!

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