UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF

ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
Bachelor of Engineering
(MECHANICAL ENGINEERING)
Engineering Thermodynamics
MET-203
Faculty- Er. Narinder Singh

TOPIC :1.3
Topic : First law of Thermodynamics DISCOVER . LEARN .
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 ENGINEERING
THERMODYNAMICS

Course Objectives
The course will make the students to understand
the concept of Thermodynamics, Law of
thermodynamics, properties of steam and
different cycles of thermodynamics.

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1.3.1 First law of
Thermodynamics

The first law of thermodynamics is the law

of conservation of energy, which states that
energy can be neither created nor destroyed
but can be transformed from one form to
another or the total energy of an isolated
system is constant;

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Cont…..

For a thermodynamic process without transfer of

matter, the first law is often formulated as

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cPvM

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1.3.2 Applications of First law of
Thermodynamics
Isothermal Process :- Internal Energy
is a Function of Temperature , In
Isothermal process , temperature is
constant , so Internal Energy is also
constant
By first law of thermodynamics

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cwObo6y7Pts6M

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Cont….

Adiabatic Process :- In adiabatic process, there is

no exchange of heat Q = 0

By first law of thermodynamics

If Q = 0 ,

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Cont….

Isochoric Process :- In Isochoric process, there

is no change in volume , so as the work done is
=0

By first law of thermodynamics

If W=0 , then

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1.3.3 Perpetual motion
machine of first kind PMM1

A machine that does not follow the first

law of thermodynamics or law of
conservation of energy could be termed
as perpetual motion machine of first kind
i.e. PMM1
Perpetual motion machine of first kind
does not exist because Such machines https://www.google.com/search?q=PMM1&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwi9u6vimZzqAhXJcSsKHUGVCDgQ2-

will produce the energy by itself and as cCegQIABAA&oq=PMM1&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzIECAAQQzICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAA

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we know that according to the law

of energy conservation, it is not possible
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1.3.4 Limitations of 1st law of thermodynamics

1. No restriction on the direction of the flow of heat: the first law establishes
definite relationship between the heat absorbed and the work performed by
a system. The first law does not indicate whether heat can flow from a cold
end to a hot end or not. For example: we cannot extract heat from the ice by
cooling it to a low temperature. Some external work has to be done.

2. Practically it is not possible to convert the heat energy into an equivalent

amount of work.

To overcome this limitations, another law is needed which is known as

Second law of thermodynamics.

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1.3.5 Terms Related to Second law of
Thermodynamics
Thermal Energy Reservoir (TER): It is a
hypothetical body with a relatively large
thermal energy capacity that can supply or
absorb finite amount of heat without
undergoing any change in temperature.
Examples: Oceans, rivers, atmospheric air etc.
TER that supplies energy in the form of heat is called a
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Conti…..

Heat Engines: Heat engine is a cyclic

device, used to convert heat to work.
Heat engine can be characterized by the
following points.
1. They receive heat from a high
temperature source (solar energy, oil-
furnace etc.) https://www.google.com/search?q=second+law+of+thermodynamics&tbm=isch&
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Conti…..

2.They convert part of this heat to work (usually in the form of a rotating shaft)
3.They reject the remaining waste heat to a low temperature sink (the atmosphere,
rivers, etc)
4.They operate on a cycle.

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Conti…..

Refrigerator: Refrigerators are cyclic devices,

used to transfer heat from a low temperature
medium to a high temperature medium.
The working fluid used in the refrigeration
cycle is called a refrigerant. The most
frequently used refrigeration cycle is the vapor-
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Conti…..

Heat Pumps: Heat pumps are another cyclic

devices, used to transfer heat from a low
temperature medium to a high temperature
medium.
The objective of a heat pump is to maintain a
heated space at a high temperature. This is
accomplished by absorbing heat from a low https://www.google.com/search?q=heat+pump+block+diagram&tbm=isch&ved=2
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winter and supplying this heat to the high

temperature medium such as a house. 14
1.3.6 C.O.P of Refrigerator and
heat pump

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1.3.7 Applications

Steam power plant

Separation and Liquification Plant
Refrigeration
Air-conditioning and Heating Devices.
Internal combustion engine
Chemical power plants
Turbines
Compressors, etc

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 FAQ’S

1. Explain First law of Thermodynamics

2. Enlist The Applications of First law of Thermodynamics

3. What is PMM1. Explain with suitable example

4. Explain the difference between Refrigerator and Heat Pump.

5. Illustrate the limitations of first law of thermodynamics

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 Summary

All the concepts studied in this topic can be summarised as follows

 1st law of thermodynamics

 Applications of 1st law of thermodynamics

 Heat Engine, Refrigerator and Heat Pump

 Relation between C.O.P of Refrigerator and Heat Pump

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 References

 https://books.google.co.in/books?id=TEjZFUcVTbgC&printsec=frontcover#
v=onepage&q&f=false

 https://books.google.co.in/books?id=91MZ2ZOb3n8C&printsec=frontcover#
v=onepage&q&f=false

 https://www.slideshare.net/RajaWajahatakavg/laws-of-thermodynamics-43
419966

 https://www.thebigger.com/chemistry/thermodynamics/second-law-of-ther
modynamics/discuss-the-limitations-of-the-first-law-of-thermodynamics/

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THANK YOU

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