Scribd
Upload
19 views17 pages

CSC205 Lec 01

Digital Systems - Lecture 1

Uploaded by

jeffrey denenberg
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
19 views17 pages

CSC205 Lec 01

Digital Systems - Lecture 1

Uploaded by

jeffrey denenberg
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

CSC205

Jeffrey N. Denenberg
Lecture #1
Introduction, Logic Circuits

CSC 205 Lecture 1 1


Administrative
• Handouts
– Course Syllabus (readings due before lecture)
– Lab Report Format
– Lab Assignment #1 (due next Tuesday 09/17)
• Grading
– 40% labs; do prelabs on-time and do a good job on
documentation (use a logic simulator to aid in
documentation).
– 2 midterms (30%) + final (30%)
– all labs and exams required; no incompletes make
arrangements in advance if you have a conflict.

CSC 205 Lecture 1 2


Number Systems
• Radix 10 – Why? (0, 1, … 9)
5,273 = 5*103 + 2*102 + 7*101 + 3*100
• Binary – Radix 2 (0,1)
– On/off
– 153 = 27 + 23 + 20 = 10001001
• Octal – Radix 8 (0, 1, … 7)
153 = 2* 82 + 3*81 + 80 = 231
• Hexadecimal – Radix 16 (0, 1, … 9, A, … F)
153 = 9*161 + 9*160 = 99

CSC 205 Lecture 1 3


Complements
(Representing Negative Numbers)
• Signed-magnitude Binary
9 = 00001001 -1
0 000
1 101 001

Sign bit -2 2 101 010

-9 = 10001001 -3 3 111 011

• 1’s complement (complement all bits)


-9 = 11110110
• 2’s complement (add 1 to the 1’s complement)
000
-9 = 11110111 111 001

110 010

101 011
100
CSC 205 Lecture 1 4
Other Codes
• BCD (10 4-bit binary codes per digit)
• Gray Code
only one bit changes between adjacent Digits

000
100 001

101 011

111 010
110

• ASCII – table 1-7

CSC 205 Lecture 1 5


Digital Logic
• Binary system -- 0 & 1, LOW & HIGH, negated
and asserted.
• Basic building blocks -- AND, OR, NOT

CSC 205 Lecture 1 6


Digital Logic Continued

CSC 205 Lecture 1 7


Many representations of digital logic
• Transistor-level
circuit diagrams

• Gate symbols (for simple elements)

CSC 205 Lecture 1 8


• Truth tables

• Logic diagrams

CSC 205 Lecture 1 9


• Prepackaged building blocks, e.g. multiplexer

• Equations: Z = S A+ S B

CSC 205 Lecture 1 10


• Various hardware
description
languages
– ABEL

– VHDL

• We’ll start with


gates and work
our way up
CSC 205 Lecture 1 11
Logic levels
• Undefined region
is inherent
– digital, not analog
– amplification,
weak => strong
• Switching threshold varies with voltage, temp,
process, phase of the moon
– need “noise margin”
• The more you push the technology, the more
“analog” it becomes.
• Logic voltage levels decreasing with process
– 5 -> 3.3 -> 2.5 -> 1.8 V
CSC 205 Lecture 1 12
MOS Transistors

Voltage-controlled resistance

PMOS

NMOS

CSC 205 Lecture 1 13


CMOS Inverter

CSC 205 Lecture 1 14


Switch model

CSC 205 Lecture 1 15


Alternate transistor symbols

CSC 205 Lecture 1 16


CMOS Gate Characteristics
• No DC current flow into MOS gate terminal
– However gate has capacitance ==> current required
for switching (CV2f power)
• No current in output structure,
except during switching
– Both transistors partially on
– Power consumption related
to frequency
– Slow input-signal rise times
==> more power
• Symmetric output structure
==> equally strong drive in
LOW and HIGH states
CSC 205 Lecture 1 17

You might also like