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SQL Commands

SQL Commands for fresher to learn SQL

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salma.khayum05
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36 views16 pages

SQL Commands

SQL Commands for fresher to learn SQL

Uploaded by

salma.khayum05
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQL Commands

Insert Command

INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3, ...


)
VALUES (value1, value2, value3, ...);

INSERT INTO table_name


VALUES (value1, value2, value3, ...);

INSERT INTO table_name


VALUES (‘&value1’,’& value2’, ’&value3’, ...);
Update Command

UPDATE table_name
SET column_name = value
WHERE (condition);
Delete,Drop and Truncate

DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition;

DROP Table Table_name ;

TRUNCATE TABLE
TABLE_NAME;
Alter command

ALTER TABLE table_name


RENAME TO new_table_name;

ALTER TABLE table_name


RENAME COLUMN old_name TO new_name;

ALTER TABLE table_name ADD


(Columnname_1 datatype,
Columnname_2 datatype, …Columnname_n
datatype);
Alter command
ALTER TABLE table_name
DROP COLUMN column_name;

ALTER TABLE table_name


MODIFY COLUMN column_name datatype;
Aggregate Functions

SELECT AVG(column_name), Sum(column_name),


max(column_name), min(column_name),
count(column_name),
FROM table_name WHERE condition;
SQL Operators

• AND
• OR
• LIKE
• IN
• BETWEEN
SQL operator (AND)

SELECT column1, column2, ...


FROM table_name
WHERE condition1 AND condition2 AND condition3
...;

SELECT *
FROM Customers
WHERE Country
= 'Spain' AND CustomerName LIKE 'G%';
SQL operator (OR)

SELECT column1, column2, ...


FROM table_name
WHERE condition1 OR condition2 OR condition3 ...;

SELECT *
FROM Customers
WHERE Country = 'Germany' OR Country
= 'Spain';
SQL Operators (LIKE)

SELECT column1, column2, ...


FROM table_name
WHERE columnN LIKE pattern;

SELECT * FROM Customers


WHERE CustomerName LIKE '
a%';
SQL Operators (IN)

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name IN (value1, value2,
...);
SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE Country IN ('Germany', 'France', '
UK');
SQL Operators (BETWEEN)

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name BETWEEN value1 AND value
2;

SELECT * FROM Products


WHERE Price BETWEEN 10 AND 20;
Note on basic constraints on atrributes:

Primary Key – Unique and not null

Unique key – Unique but accepts not null as well

Not null attribute – Not null but accepts redundant


values
CHECK constraint

CREATE TABLE Employee (


ID int Primay key,
Name varchar(25) NOT NULL,
aadhar int Unique,
Age int CHECK (Age>=18));
Order by and Group by and Having
Clause

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition
GROUP BY column_name(s)
HAVING condition
ORDER BY column_name(s);

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