Computer Science

& Information
Technology
LECTURE # 2

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Introduction to CS & IT
Computer Science is the science that deals with:
The theory and methods of processing information in digital computers.
The design of computer hardware and software, and
the applications of computers.
Information technology is all about:
How a computer works and what it can do?
Devices and programs used to store, retrieve and process information.

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Use of CS & IT in Education

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Advantages
1. Increased access to resources
◦ It allows the students to access educational resources from anywhere at any
time.
◦ This increased access to resources is very useful for the students.
◦ It is especially valuable for the students with special needs and students form
rural areas and developing countries.

2. Provide distant learning

◦ The learning has become web based with the help of this domain. It has
resulted in the distance learning and online education.

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Advantages
3. Supplement traditional learning
◦ It also helps the students in traditional learning. Students use software
programs such as MS Word to prepare assignments and MS PowerPoint for
presenting their work.

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Information Technology
DATA
It is a collection of raw facts and figures.
Raw means the facts have not been processed to get their exact meaning.
INFORMATION
It is basically the processed data. It is an organized and processed form of data.
It is more meaningful than data and is used in making decisions.

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 Information Technology
Methods for conveying information

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Information Technology
IT is the study or use of systems especially computers for storing, retrieving, and
sending information.
IT is the technology that uses computing with high speed communication links
to spread information from one place to another.
IT is the technology involving the development, maintenance, and use of
computer systems, software, and networks for the processing and distribution of
data.

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Information Technology

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IT in Society
Personal Communication
◦ Conversations (phone, cell)
◦ Messaging (E-mail, SMS)
◦ Video Coms
Entertainment
◦ Web surfing
◦ Downloading video and audio files
◦ Interactive gaming
Day-to-Day living
◦ Buying airline ticket
◦ Ordering books
◦ Electronic banking/ stock market

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IT in Society
Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce)
◦ Call Centers
◦ Electronic transactions
◦ Online sales

Business operations
◦ Factory operation systems
◦ Databases

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Components of IT
Three components of IT are
◦ Computers
◦ Communication network
◦ Know-how
COMPUTERS:
Computer is an electronic systems that can be instructed to accept, process,
store and present data and information.

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Components of IT
COMMUNICATION NETWORK:
◦ It is an interconnection of different locations through a medium that allows
people to send and receive information.
◦ It allows people and businesses to interact.
◦ It includes hardware, software and information.
◦ It helps in easy and quick transfer of information from one place to another.

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Components of IT
KNOW-HOW:
◦ IT know-how includes the familiarity with the tools of information technology
including the internet as well as the skills needed to use these tools.
◦ It also includes the understanding of using IT for problem solving.

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People and Communication
Communication
◦ Forms relationship between people
◦ Facilitates the spread of knowledge

Many people believe that significance of communication is same as

that of breathing.
Communication is the foundation of all human relationships and
helps to spread knowledge and information among people.

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People and Communication
“Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place to
another. It is basically the exchange of information by speaking, writing or
using any other medium”

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People and Communication
Information and communication technology (ICT) is playing a very important
role in effective and fast communication by enabling people to interact and
communicate more quickly and efficiently.
A number of communication software have been developed that not only makes
it easier and faster to contact and communicate with people around the world
but also allow people to have better access to knowledge and information in all
fields.

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Communication Software
Some common communication software are
◦ Email
◦ FTP
◦ Chatting and Instant Messaging
◦ Web Browser
◦ Internet Telephony
◦ Video Conferencing

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Communication Software
Email stands for electronic mail.
It is the exchange of text, messages and files through the internet.
Messages can be in the form of graphics, sounds, video clips and simple text.
Email is a fast way of delivering messages anywhere in the world in a very short
time.
Email can be sent using any email software.
Some popular email software are yahoo mail, Gmail and Hotmail.

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Communication Software
FTP stands for file transfer protocol.
It is used on internet for sending files from one place to another.
It is a standard network protocol used for the transfer of computer files between a client
and server on a computer network.
FTP is built on a client-server model architecture using separate control and data
connections between the client and the server.
It is specially designed for professionals. Audio, video, graphics and data files can be
uploaded and downloaded using this protocol.
Different software are available which use this protocol for transferring files on the internet.
FileZilla, CuteFTP and WS_FTP are examples of FTP software.

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Client-Server Model Architecture

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Chatting and Instant Messaging
Chat Rooms
• Typed conversation that occurs on the computer.
• The conversation is in real time.
• Is located on the Internet server with the purpose of permitting users to chat.

Instant Messaging (IM)

• An Internet communication service that notifies you when one or more people are on line
• You are allowed to exchange messages or enter chat rooms with people you’ve list for IM’s
• Both parties must be on the computer at the same time
• The conversation or IM occurs in real time.

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Web Browser
A web browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is a software application for
accessing information on the World Wide Web (WWW).
When a user requests a web page from a particular website,
the web browser retrieves the necessary content from a web server and
then displays the page on the user's device.

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Internet Telephony
Internet telephony is also called IP telephony or broadband telephony.
Internet telephony is a type of communications technology that allows voice calls and
other telephony services like fax, SMS and other voice-messaging applications to be
transmitted using the Internet as a connection medium.
Software under this technology is cost-effective and convenient because it allow the
user to communicate through fax, voice and video calls anywhere in the world as long
as there is an Internet connection.
Users are able to bypass the charges that are common in traditional telephone services.
However, the quality of this service is not as good as it is very dependent on the quality
and speed of the Internet connection.

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Video Conferencing
Video conferencing is a technology that allows users in different locations to hold face-
to-face meetings without having to move to a single location together.
This technology is particularly convenient for business users in different cities or even
different countries.
It saves time, expenses, and hassles associated with business travel.
Uses for video conferencing include holding routine meetings, negotiating business
deals, and interviewing job candidates.

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