PRELIM Lesson 2 and 3 UTS

LEARNING
OUTCOMES
1.Discuss the different representations and
conceptualizations of the self from various disciplinal
perspective;
2.Compare and contrast how the self has been
represented across different disciplines and
perspectives;
3.Examine the different influences, factors and forces
that shape the self; and
4.Demonstrate critical and reflective thought in
analyzing the development of oneself and identity by
FROM THE
PERSPECTIVE OF
LESSON 2
SOCIOLOGY
SOCIOLOGY:
• It is one of the disciplines in the
social sciences which aims to
discover the ways by which the social
surrounding/ environment influences
GEORGE
•
HERBERT MEAD
Born in Massachusetts, USA.
• He enrolled at Harvard University
where his main interests were
philosophy and psychology.
• He described the self as a
‘dimension of personality that is
made -up of the individual’s self-
awareness and self- image’.
STAGES OF SELF
• FORMATION
THE PREPARATORY STAGE - At this stage,
children’s behavior is primarily based on imitation.
• THE PLAY STAGE - It is at this stage where the
child widens his perspective and realizes that he is
not alone and that there are others around him
whose presence he has to consider.
• THE GAME STAGE - In one instance/situation,
the child begins to consider several tasks and
various types of relationships simultaneously.
MEAD’S
• THEORY OF
As these children grow and mature, there
is a change in the self.
• They begin to SELF
see other people and is
now concerned about people’s reactions.
• People around them, particularly family,
play a major role in the formation of the
self.
THE “I” and “ME”
I self Me
When the person self
When the person takes
initiates or performs a the role of the other, the
social action, the self- functions as an object.
functions as a subject.
Ex. Ex.
I will go on a date. The choice for the best drawing
I will cook dinner tonight. was awarded to ME.
Students around school voted
for ME.
CHARLES HORTON
•
use of
COOLEY
An American sociologist who made
the sociopsychological
approach to understanding how
society works.
• In his written work, Human Nature and the Social
Order (1902), discussed the formation of the self
through interaction.
• LOOKING-GLASS SELF - the self that is a
product of social interaction.
COOLEY’S THREE
PHASES
1. People imagine
OF
how
SELF
they present
themselves to others.
2. People imagine how others evaluate them.
3. People develop some sort of feeling about
themselves as a result of those impressions.
ERVING GOFFMAN
• A Canadian-American
sociologists know for his role
in the development of Modern
American Sociology.
• Impression Management – the process of
altering how the person presents himself to
others.
• Dramaturgical Approach – he sees similarities

of real social interaction to a theatrical
End of
Lesson 2
FROM THE
PERSPECTIVE OF
LESSON 3
ANTHROPOLOGY
ANTHROPOLOGY:
• A field of the social sciences that focuses on the
study of man. Looks into man’s
physical/biological characteristics, his social
relationships and the influences of his culture
from the dawn of civilization up to the present.
THE FIELDS OF
• ANTHROPOLOGY
ARCHAEOLOGY - studies human history and
prehistory through the excavation and analysis
of artifacts and other physical remains.
• BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY - focus on how

human beings evolved from their early forms
and adapts to the different earth problems.
THE FIELDS OF
• ANTHROPOLOGY
LINGUISTIC ANTHROPOLOGY - examines
the origins of human languages and the
relationship between language and culture.
• CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY - primarily

concerned with contemporary human societies
and cultures.
SYMBOLS HEROES RITUALS
VALUES
CULTURAL
•
ANTHROPOLOGY
SYMBOLS - objects or signs that carry specific
meanings within a culture. In construction of the self,
they facilitate communication of complex ideas and
identity.
Example: rings signify commitment
• HEROES - Legendary figures who embody
cultural ideals and values. They often serve which
purpose in shaping the self that provides examples of
ideal behaviors and values.
CULTURAL
• RITUALS ANTHROPOLOGY
reinforcing
- Structuring social interactions
cultural values.
and
example: religious ceremonies like baptisms and weddings

social ceremonies like birthdays and graduations
• VALUES - involves human tendencies/preferences

towards good or bad, right or wrong.
example: respect for elders, hospitality, and nationalism
End of
Lesson 3
Copy and answer in ½ crosswise
•Cooley's Looking-Glass Self: How do you
think others perceive you? How does this
affect your self-image?
•Mead's Theory of the Social Self: What
social roles do you play (e.g., student, friend,
family member)? How do these roles influence
your sense of self?
•Goffman's Dramaturgical Approach: In
what social situations do you feel like you are
performing a role? How do you adapt your

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LEARNING

• Dramaturgical Approach – he sees similarities

• BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY - focus on how

• CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY - primarily

example: religious ceremonies like baptisms and weddings

• VALUES - involves human tendencies/preferences

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