OHS

SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

MANAGEMENT

 LECTURER: MR B. M
 0773 357 236
Definitions of SHEQ

 Safety, Health and environmental quality management deals with the prevention of
work related injuries and diseases, the protection and promotion of the health of
workers and management of the environment.
 It entails the anticipation, recognition, evaluation and control of hazards arising in or
from the workplace that could impair the health and well-being of a worker and the
quality of the environment.
 It relates to health, safety, and welfare issues in the workplace aimed at making the
workplace better for workers, along with family members, customers, and other
stakeholders
ASSIGNEMENT 1

Justify the significance of SHEQ at workplaces

Due date 26.08.24
Key concepts in SHEQ

 Hazard is something that is a source of danger and has the potential to cause harm to
people, property and environment.
 Risk is the chance or probability of the hazard causing harm or damage to people, property
and environment.
 The potential future harm that may arise from some present action.
 Vulnerability: Being in the path or area of the hazard and susceptible to damage by it.
 Control is a mechanism or process that minimise the risk of the hazard becoming actual
and is done to protect people, property or environment.
 Incident
 Accident
 Near miss
 Risk analysis
 This is the systematic examination of the components and characteristics of the risk
Components of SHEQ

It consists of five main concepts that ensure a wholesome care of workers and these
are:
1. Surveillance of working environment
2. Surveillance of workers’ health
3. Information, education, training and advice
4. Treatment and health programmes
5. Emergency preparedness
 Surveillance means close watch kept over someone or something OR It is the
monitoring of behavior, activities, or information for the purpose of information
gathering, influencing, managing or directing.
Aims/rational/reasons of SHEQ

 According to WHO (1995), SHEQ aims at:

 Protection and promotion of the health of workers
 Eliminating occupational hazards at work.
 Development and promotion of sustainable work environments.
 Promotion of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers
in all occupations.
 Prevention among workers of adverse effects on health caused by their working
conditions.
 Protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from adverse effects to
health.
 Adaption of work to humans and not vice versa. ergonomics
 Improvement of working conditions and environment.
PRINCIPLES OF SHEQ

1.Management Commitment
 A strong management is important as it unites all aspects of an organization’s processes, system,
and standards into one smart system.
2. Involvement of all employees
 Participation of all workers is one of the central principles of a SHEQ system.
 Workflows can be established in SHEQ system to allow lower-level employees to report issues and
alert the management to take action.
3. Process Approach
 The process approach include accounting, enterprise resource planning (ERP) and compliance.
 ERP manages purchasing, inventory, production, and delivery times in order to meet customer
expectations, it.
 Keeping up with your regulatory requirements in an ethical manner is the responsibility of your
compliance system.
 Your financial obligations can be met by using the accounting system
PRINCIPLES OF SHEQ (cont)

5. Improvement
 Address issues as they arise, and continuously improve your company’s processes
using your problem-solving skills.
6. Record all complaints, improvements, and non-conformances through an
improvement module.
7. The service must be preventive oriented and multidisciplinary.
8. The service should address environmental concerns
9. The service should be inclusive -involve, participation of social partners and other
stakeholders
10. The service should be based on up to date information, education, training,
consultancy, advisory services and research findings
11. The service should be considered as an investment
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

This refers to a system of management that allows

organizations to effectively manage their products and services
and achieve their objectives, service quality, operational
efficiency, environmental performance, and health and safety in
the workplace.
Safety, Health, Environment and Quality, simply refers to the
integration of the 3 basic management systems – ISO 14001,
ISO 45001 and ISO 9001
ISO 14001: 2015

 ISO 14001:2015 is the standard that outlines the requirements for an effective
environmental management system.
 It was published in 2015.
 It aims to help organisations to effectively identify, manage, monitor and control their
environmental impact by using efficient resources and reduce their waste production.
 ISO 14001 can be integrated easily into any existing ISO management system.
ISO 45001

 Formerly OHSAS 18001, was replaced by ISO 45001 in 2018.

 The objective of this standard is to help businesses reduce workplace risks and
eliminate work-related accidents.
 This enables organisations to create a safer work environment for its employees.
ISO 9001

 ISO 9001:2015 outlines the requirements for a quality management system and is the
only standard in the ISO 9000 family that can be certified.
 It can be used by any organisation, large or small, regardless of its industry.
 The standard is customer oriented, depends on top management will and motivation,
the process approach and ongoing improvement.
 The objective is to help organisations provide their customers with a consistent supply
of good quality products and services.
 (NB) These standards were created in such a way that they can function together as
one efficient management system.
Hazard Identification

 This involves orderly listing (writing one by one) of hazards as many as possible to
make them explicit (very clear) before they become threats to the firm.
 Hazards to workers' safety and health should be identified and assessed on an
ongoing basis.
 There are a number of ways of identifying potential sources of injury or disease.
 Selection of the appropriate procedure will depend on the type of work processes and
hazards involved
 Procedures may range from a simple checklist for a specific piece of equipment or
substance, to a more open-ended appraisal of a group of related work processes.
 Systematic inspections and audits can be used to detect changes away from the
designed or designated conditions.
 may provide the most effective results.
Methods of identifying workplace hazards include

1. developing a hazard checklist;

2. conducting walk-through surveys and inspections;
3. reviewing information from designers or manufacturers;
4. Analyzing unsafe incident, accident and injury data;
5. Analyzing work processes;
6. Consulting with employees;
7. Examining and considering material safety data
PRACTICAL 1

 Choose an institution. identify at least four hazards and explain how they are sources of
danger to people, property and the environment

DUE DATE 2 September 2024

0773 357 236

(NB)

 Some hazards are inherent in the work process, such as mechanical hazards, noise,
or the toxic properties of substances.
 Other hazards result from equipment or machine failures and misuse, control or
power system failures, chemical spills, and structural failures.
 It is useful to consider these hazards when identifying work related hazards to ensure
the wide range of potential hazards is considered.
Purpose/Rationale of hazard identification

Hazard identification should result in

1. A list of hazard sources,
2. The particular form in which that hazard occurs,
3. The areas of the workplace
4. Work process where it occurs, and
5. The persons exposed to that hazard.
Definition of risk

 Risk defined as the probability of injury or harm occurring from a hazard.

 Risk is the chance or probability of the hazard causing harm or damage to people,
property and environment.
 The potential future harm that may arise from some present action.
 The potential of an unwanted outcome resulting from an incident, event or
occurrence.
Assessing the Risks

 Risk assessment is an exercise that result in a list of any potential injury or harm and
the likelihood of these occurring, arising from identified hazards.
 Questions asked in risk assessment may include;
 How likely (possibility) it is that someone will be exposed to a hazard?
 What is the likely outcome (consequence)?
 In general, these should be stated from the most to the least serious, for example,
from death by crushing to abrasion (scratch).
 RISK LEVELS

RISK LEVELS

LEVEL IMPLICATION

HIGH RISK -means serious danger.

–Stop work immediately.
-identify and implement permanent or temporary controls to reduce the
risks to as low as reasonably practical.

MEDIUM RISK Means moderate danger.

-Action should be taken as soon as possible to implement controls.

LOW RISK Minor or negligible danger.

-assess if further action can be taken
-take necessary steps to monitor the controls.
Items to be considered in risk assessment include

 Frequency of injury – how often is the hazard likely to result in an injury or disease?
 Duration of exposure – how long is the employee exposed to the hazard?
 Outcome –– what are the consequences or potential severity of injury?
 Assessing these three factors will indicate the probability or likelihood of injury or harm to
workers involved in a particular work process.
 It also indicates the likely severity of this harm.
 Incomplete data or incomplete information regarding hazards of a work process may
complicate the task.
 Risk assessment requires good judgment and awareness of the potential risks of a work
process.
 Any person undertaking the risk assessment must have knowledge and experience of the
work process.
 An assessment of the risk will help determine the consequences (potential injury or disease)
and assist to identify methods to reduce the risk.
Risk assessment should also include:

 assessing the adequacy of training or knowledge required to work safely;

 looking at the way the jobs are performed;
 looking at the way work is organized;
 determining the size and layout of the workplace;
 assessing the number and movement of all people on the site;
 determining the type of operation to be performed;
 determining the type of machinery and plant to be used;
 Examining procedures for an emergency (e.g accident, fire and rescue); and looking at the
storage and handling of all materials and substances.
 In some cases it may be necessary to break down the activity or process into a series of
parts and assess each part separately.
 Risk assessment should provide information regarding which employees face an injury or
disease risk, how often, and the potential severity of that injury or disease risk.
THE HIERARCHY OF RISK CONTROL

The best way of protection is to take action before occurrence of a fatality, injury, or an illness.
When confronted with a hazard it is important to approach prevention and control techniques in the following strict
order.
Elimination
 Removing the hazard or hazardous work practice from the workplace. This is the most effective control measure;
Substitution
 Substituting or replacing a hazard or hazardous work practice with a less
Engineering Control
 If the hazard cannot be eliminated, substituted or isolated, an engineering control is the next preferred measure.
This may include modifications to tools or equipment, providing guarding to machinery or equipment, enclosure,
isolation, ventilation
Administrative Control
 Includes introducing work practices that reduce the risk. This could include limiting the amount of time a person is
exposed to a particular hazard; changing work schedules, extending rest periods, training and information
Personal Protective Equipment
 This should be considered only when other control measures are not practicable or to increase protection.
THE HIERARCHY OF RISK CONTROL

ELIMINATION

SUBSTITUTION

ENGINEERING

ADMINISTRATION

PPE
Risks can be identified through;

 Incident report forms.

 Self-inspection checklists.
 Observation and consultation.
 Regular maintenance checks.
 Specialist assisting with specific issues in the workplace.
 Comparison with past projects- analysts examine the past with the present risks and
consider whether they are present in the present project.
 Knowledge sharing
 Risks can be identified in terms of thinking of “risks to” and “risks from”- workers,
tools, property, environment, clients, community, process etc.
 If possible participants can be rewarded for identifying risks and problems as early as
possible.
Risk reduction/mitigation

 It comprises measures aimed at reducing the probability of loss producing activities. The
measures or programmes include:

i. Thorough safety, health and security programmes.

ii. Education, training and manpower development.
iii. Financial measures such as cost cutting measures.
iv. Engineering approaches.
v. Self-compliance to legislation/standards.
vi. Quality control programmes.
vii.Environmental protection programmes.
Health and safety issues management in Zimbabwe

 In Zimbabwe, health and safety issues are in two categories

 The government organisations
 The private sector.
 At the national level, occupational health issues are managed through the Ministry of
Labour and Social Services with NSSA being the implementing arm.
 Some issues of OHS are however covered by the Ministry of Health and Child Care,
Ministry of Mines and Mining Development and the Ministry of Labour through NSSA
being the main custodian.
 EMA and EHT
Occupational Hazards

Occupational hazards are situations on the job that have the potential to cause injury,
harm or death to the worker, property or environment
Sources of workplace hazards
 Substances or Materials
 Conditions
 Behaviors
 Work processes
 Workplace hazards often end in accidents, or they can lead to adverse health
consequences for workers.
Types of occupational Hazards

 There are numerous hazards that are often found around workplaces. These are
grouped into:
 Chemical hazards arising from: liquids, solids, dust, fumes, gases and vapour.
 Physical hazards like: noise, vibration, unsatisfactory lighting, radiation and extreme
temperatures.
 Biological hazards such as: bacteria, viruses, infectious waste and infestations
 Psychological hazards arising from stress and strain
 Ergonomic hazards- badly designed machinery; mechanical devices and tools used
by workers, improper seating and work station design or poorly designed work place
practices.
 It must be noted that workers do not face all these hazards at the same time but a
combination of them.
Factors that affect the potential risk of workplace
hazards

 Frequency of workers’ exposure: for example, daily or only once a year

 Type of exposure: inhalation or skin contact
 Extent of exposure: high, medium, or low relative to the hazard type