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Virus

Computer viruses are malicious programs that can replicate themselves and infect computers. They can damage files, delete data, slow down systems, and more. Viruses are classified into different types including macro, file, boot, and multi-partite viruses. Anti-virus software uses techniques like signatures, checksums, and heuristic analysis to detect and remove viruses. Popular anti-virus programs provide protection, automatic updates, and options for scanning files and boot sectors.

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136 views20 pages

Virus

Computer viruses are malicious programs that can replicate themselves and infect computers. They can damage files, delete data, slow down systems, and more. Viruses are classified into different types including macro, file, boot, and multi-partite viruses. Anti-virus software uses techniques like signatures, checksums, and heuristic analysis to detect and remove viruses. Popular anti-virus programs provide protection, automatic updates, and options for scanning files and boot sectors.

Uploaded by

amuljune
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is a Computer Virus

Computer viruses are computer software programs that modifies other programs to include an viral codes in it. They are simply lists of instructions that tell computers what actions to execute and precisely how to execute them. VIRUS stands for Vital Information of Resources Under Siege

What can Viruses do?


Viruses load and run without users requesting them to run They hide inside normal programs called host programs and run when the hosts are run. . Computer viruses can format disks, copy, rename and delete files They can clone (copy) themselves with new configuration information, modify file dates and attributes, call other computers to upload and download files, and so on.

What can Viruses do? (Contd.)


To meet the minimum criteria for computer virus design, a rogue program must : -be executable (.exe) -be capable of cloning (copying) itself -convert other executable objects into viral clones Virus can enter in the boot sector of a disk They can also alter the application programs

What can Viruses do? (Contd.)


Viruses can prevent the user from accessing the data, even if the data is not destroyed? Showing error messages like "File not found" and "Error reading drive". There is no limit to what extent virus can affect the computing activity. Some viruses are such that the user may not be aware for long time that anything is going wrong. Viruses can corrupt important databases and programs

What can Viruses do? (Contd.)


Some types of monitors may be damaged by a virus repeatedly sending a bright signal to one location on the screen. It can alter a small bit of data and the program goes wrong. Viruses can execute normal DOS routines. E.g. -When save a file command is given, the virus might change the command to FORMAT, and hence destroys all the data on the disk.

What can Viruses do? (Contd.)


A virus may seek out a hidden system file and can infect it. Many viruses can alter the software that control the systems internal clock. Often one of the first actions of the virus is to check the time and date in a system to see if these matches the viruss programmed activation time. Then it checks if there are any files for it to infect.

What can Viruses do? (Contd.)


Viruses may run along with the application programs they have infected ,carrying out their tasks either openly or hidden in the background. Many viruses slow down the computing operations. E.g Christmas virus. Many viruses hit other computers that it has not originally targeted. E.g Scores virus.
TSR (Terminate and Stay Resident) virus can cause

malfunctions simply by occupying space in RAM.

Types of Viruses
Computer viruses can be roughly classified into the following categories - Macro viruses (ex: Microsofts Excel, Word and AmiPro applications.) - File viruses( host file is run.) - Boot viruses (overwrite a disks original boot sector data - Multi-partite viruses ( infect the boot sector) - Stealth viruses( DOS-level instructions )

Macro viruses
First macro virus, written in Microsofts Word macro language, was discovered in August, 1995. Thousands of macro viruses are known to exist and include viruses written in the macro language of Microsofts Excel, Word and AmiPro applications. Since a macro virus is written in the language of an application, not the operating system (OS), it is platform independent and can spread between DOS, Windows, Mac, and even OS/2 systems.

File Viruses (Parasitic Viruses)


File viruses attach themselves to executable files and are at least partially activated whenever the host file is run. File viruses are typically TSR (terminateand-stay-resident), direct action or companion programs.

Boot Viruses
Boot-sector viruses, the most common type of virus, move or overwrite a disks original boot sector data and replace it with an infected boot code of their own design. Floppies and hard drives are the most susceptible to being overwritten by a boot sector virus.

Multi-partite Viruses
Multi-partite viruses share some of the characteristics of boot sector viruses and file viruses: they can infect .EXE files, and the boot sector of the computers hard drive. On a computer booted up with an infected floppy, a typical multi- partite virus will first make itself resident in memory and then infect the boot sector of the hard drive.

Stealth Viruses
Stealth viruses, or Interrupt Interceptors take control of key DOS-level instructions by intercepting the interrupt table, which is located at the beginning of memory.

How a Virus Works


Every computer virus has a lifecycle that starts when they are created and finishes when they're completely eradicated. A summary of the lifecycle of a virus - Creation - (design) - Replication - (duplication) - Activation - (start) - Discovery - (find-new) - Assimilation - (altered copy) - Eradication - (killing)

Virus Examples
I LOVE YOU Virus - The virus only targets users running Microsoft Windows operating system, attacking the Outlook e-mail program and the Internet Explorer browser, both of which are made by Microsoft. - Victim activates the virus by opening the email, then clicking on the attachment inside. -

Virus example
Duplicate virus Trojan virus Worm virus Spam virus Restore virus New folder virus Auto run virus Friday virus

Anti Virus Technologies


Anti Virus solutions have devised a variety of techniques to detect, cure and immunize against viruses. These technologies are constantly being modified and refined to be effective against the new viruses that are continuously being written which are as follows: - Virus detection using Signatures - Virus detection using TSR Guards - Virus detection using Checksums

What to look for in an Anti-virus Software


Does the anti-virus package come with a DOS boot disk and does it ask you to create an emergency repair disk during installation? Does the anti-virus package offer option for scanning the boot record and a complete file scan immediately after pre-install scan? Does the application check for file integrity? (troth fullness) How often can the user download virus signature updates? Does the anti-virus software have the option of performing a heuristic analysis? Is the anti-virus package capable of analyzing and disinfecting compressed archives such as .ZIP and .ARJ files, as well as disinfecting files within the archive?

Different Antivirus Softwares


When you're seeking total system coverage each of the following anti virus mentioned below provides superb virus protection for Windowsbased PCs. - PC - Cillin Internet Security Suite 2008 - Panda Antivirus Platinum v7.0 (2003) - McAfee VirusScan 2008 - Symantec Norton Antivirus 2008 Avast 5(2009) AVG (2004)

Spy ware: Spy ware is a type of mal ware Mal ware: Malware is a general term for software programs that have been designed with or can be used for malicious intent. These include viruses, worms and Trojans. Checksum: a digit representing the sum of the digits in an instance of digital data.

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