Operating system

For Third Year CS students

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 Chapter one
Introduction
 Contents

 Introduction

 Role and purpose of operating systems

 History of operating system development

 Types of operating systems

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 Chapter one
Introduction
 What is computer operating system?

 A group of computer programs or files.

 A software that manages a computer hardware.

 Act as an interface between the user and the hardware.

 Acts as a resource allocator

 Manage all resources

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 Chapter one
Introduction
End user Programmer OS designer

Application programs

Utilities

Operating System

Hardware

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 Function of OS
 Makes the computer more convenient to use.

 Process management

 Memory management

 Allows the computer system resources to be used in an efficient manner.

 Provide an environment to allow users to execute programs in an

efficient and a convenient manner.

 Security management

 Provides user interfacing.

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 Operating system goals
 Execute user programs and make solving user problems easier.

 Make the computer system convenient to use.

 Use the computer hardware in an efficient manner.

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 Examples of OS
1. Disk OS
 First operating system for personal computers.
 Uses command prompt to write and execute all programs.
 It is not user friendly and difficult to use by beginners.
2. Windows
 It is a graphical user interface based operating system.
 User friendly
 Has a WIMP feature (Windows Icon Menu and pointing devices)
3. MacOS
 A product of apple and has its own operating system with GUI
and WIMP feature.

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 Cont.
4. UNIX
 Linux (the pc version of unix)
 Originally was created with command line interface but
recently have added a GUI enhancement.

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 Basic computer system structure

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 History of OS
 Operating systems have been evolving through the years

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 Class of OS
 There are various class operating system with its own
characteristics.

a) Single user OS
 Only one user can use the service of operating system at any time.

 If some one wants to use the computer he must wait until the first

user finishes its task.

single user.
 Older version of windows use MS-DOS only adds GUI.

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 Cont.
b). Multi user OS
 Allows more than one user to use the os resource simultaneously.
 Two or more users can’t physically use the computers at the
same time.
 The operation is performed by the help of network operating
system.
c). Single tasking OS
 Complex than single user os because it have to handle many
requests.
 It is an os in which only one task can be executed at a time.
 The single task must finished before the next task started to
execute.
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 Cont.
d). Multi tasking single user os
 The computer able to do many tasks at the same time without a
network.
 For example when you print a document your database program
is sorting hundreds or records while you play a game at the same
time.
c). Multi tasking multi user os
 The operating system that allows multiple user to use and
execute multiple tasks at the same time.

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 Types of os
1. Batch os
 User do not interact with the computer directly.
 User prepares his job with an offline device like punch cards and
send into the computer operator.
 To speed up processing similar jobs are batched together and run
as a group.
 The operator then sorts programs into batches with similar
requirements.
 Problems
 Lack of interaction between the user and job.
 CPU is idle because the speed of I/O devices are slower than CPU.
 Difficult to provide the desired priority.

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2. Time-sharing operating systems
 Allows many people located at different place to use a particular
computer at the same time.
 Process time is shared among multiple users simultaneously.
 CPU scheduling and multi programming is used to provide a
small portion of time.
 Advantages
 Provide advantage of quick response.
 Avoids duplication of software.
 Reduces CPU idle time

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 Cont.
3. Distributed operating System
 Uses multiple central processors to serve multiple applications
and users.
 Data processing jobs are distributed among different processors.
 Advantage
 Enables resource sharing
 Speeds up the exchange of data with another via electronic mail.
 If one site fails the remaining site continues operating.
 Reduction of the load on the host computers.
 Reduction of delays in data processing.

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4. Network operating System
 Runs on a server and provides server the capability to manage data, users,
groups, security, applications and other networking functionality.
 Allows shared files and printers access among multiple computers on a
network.
 Example Microsoft window server 2003, Microsoft window server 2008,
UNIX, LINUX, Mac os and others.
 Advantages
 Centralized server is highly stable.
 Security is server managed.
 Upgrade to a new technology is easily managed.
 Remote access to a server is possible from different locations.

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 Cont.
5. Real Time operating System
 Data processing system in which the time interval required to
process and respond to control the environment is small.
 It is always online.
 The time taken by the system to respond to an input data is
called response time.
 It is used when there is a requirement of rigid time in the
operation of a process.
 It has well defined fixed time constraint otherwise the system
fails.
 For example scientific experiment, medical imaging system,
robots, air traffic controller system and others.

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 .

THANK YOU !!!

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