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Sampling

Data sampling report

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11 views25 pages

Sampling

Data sampling report

Uploaded by

madankalara70
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Institute: University School of Business

Department: AIT-MBA
Subject: Marketing Research Analytics

TOPIC: SAMPLING DESIGN

Faculty Name : Dr. Lalit Singla (Associate Professor)


Email : [email protected]
CONCEPT OF SAMPLE DESIGN
■SAMPLE
Sample is a part of universe/population/census,
which represents the characteristics of the whole
universe under study. Thus, sample is a small
portion of the population/universe from which it
has been drawn that may represent that
population.
■Population
A group from which the sample is drawn called the
population or universe. In different words, universe
is the entire group of items about which researcher
wishes to study. Population may be made up of
individuals, groups, associations, areas, or
households.
■SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
■For sample selection which process is used , is
called sampling technique.
■SAMPLE SURVEY
■The survey so conducted is known as
‘SAMPLE SURVEY’.
■The process of obtaining
MEANING information from a subset
(sample)of a larger group
SAMPLING DESIGN (population).
■The results for the sample are then
used to make estimates of the
larger group.
■Faster and cheaper than asking the
entire population.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD SAMPLE DESIGN

■Goal oriented
■Accurate representation of the universe
■Sample should be proportional
■Random selection
■Economical
■Actual information provider
TECHNIQUES OF SAMPLE DESIGN

Non-probability Sampling
Probability Sampling Method method

■ Simple random sampling ■ Convenience Sampling


■ Systematic sampling ■ Judgemental sampling
■ Stratified Sampling ■ Quota sampling
■ Cluster Sampling ■ Snowball sampling
PROBABILITY SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

Probability sampling means that every set of the


population has a chance of being selected and not to
be selected. It is mainly used in quantitative research.
If researcher wants to produce results that are
representative of the whole population, he needs to use
a probability sampling.
TYPES OF PROBABILITY SAMPLING METHODS

■Simple random sampling


In a simple random sample, every member of the
population has an equal chance of being selected. The
sampling frame should include the whole population.
To conduct this type of sampling ,we can use tools like
random number generators or other techniques that are
based entirely on chance.
Example:
CONTINUE:-
■Systematic sampling
Systematic sampling is similar to simple random
sampling , but it is usually slightly easier to conduct.
Every member of the population is listed with a
number, but instead of randomly generating
numbers, individuals are chosen at regular intervals.
EXAMPLE:-
■Stratified sampling

This sampling method is appropriate when the


population has mixed characteristics. It is a two-step
process in which the population is partitioned into sub-
population, or strata. The researcher divides the
population into subgroups(called strata)based on the
relevant characteristic(e.g gender, age range, income, job
role. Each group is known as ‘stratum’. Samples are
taken from each group or stratum randomly.
500 students (population) Mixed characteristics

Male Female
(homogeneous (homogeneous
group) group)

■50 ■50 (randomly


select)
(randomly
select)
■Cluster Sampling
Cluster sampling also involves dividing the
population into subgroups i.e called clusters.
Instead of sampling individuals from each cluster,
you randomly select entire sub-groups. Each
cluster has a equal chance to be selected, and then
selected clusters are enumerated completely, that
‘s why it is a type of probability sampling method
or technique. Each cluster has a heterogeneous
characteristics.
Example:-Population(2
People(500 000)
People(50 People(5
) People(5
0)
Hindu,musl
All caste
00) 00)
im, All caste All caste
people
sikh

People(5 People(5
SAMPL 00) 00)
E All caste All caste
NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING METHOD
In a Non-probability sample, individuals are selected based
on non-random criteria not every individual has a chance of
being included.
This type of sample is easier and cheaper to access, but it
has a higher risk of sampling bias, and researcher Can’t use
it to make valid statistical inferences about the whole
population.
Types of Non-probability sampling methods
■Convenience Sampling
A convenience sample simply includes individuals who
happen to be most accessible to the researcher. This is an
easy and inexpensive way to gather initial data. In
another words it is the process of Including whoever
happens to be available at the time, called “accidental” or
“haphazard” sampling.
■Purposive or Judgement Sampling
This type of sampling involves the researcher
using their judgements to select a sample that is
most useful to the purposes of the research. It is
often used in qualitative research, where the
researcher wants to detailed knowledge about a
specific phenomenon. when using this method,
the researcher must be confident that the choosen
sample is truly representative of the whole
population.
■Snowball Sampling
If the population is hard to access, snowball
sampling can be used to approach participants via
other participants. Sample in which selection of
additional respondents is based on referrals from
the initial respondents. This method is used when
the Desired sample characteristics Is rare or it may
be extremely difficult or cost prohibitive to locate
respondents In these situations.
EXAMPLE

■You are researching experiences of


homelessness in your city. Since there is
no list of all homeless people in the city,
probability sampling isn’t possible. You
meet one person who agrees to
participate in the research and she /he
puts you in contact with other homeless
people that she knows in the area.
■Quota Sampling
A technique in which population subgroups are classified
on the basis of researcher judgement. There must be fixed
quota from the groups. Groups are divided according to
the different characteristics of the population and some
percentage of different groups in total population is fixed.
This method is not expensive. There may be personal
biasness, this is a disadvantage of this method. The bases
of the quota are usually age, gender, education, race,
religion, socioeconomic status.
100
students
20 20(arts 30(non-
30(com.)
(medical) ) med.)

25 25 30
50%
% % %
THANK YOU FOR
PATIENCE LISTENING

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