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Lecture 3 - Seperable First Order Differential Equations

Examples of Separable Differential Equations

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28 views15 pages

Lecture 3 - Seperable First Order Differential Equations

Examples of Separable Differential Equations

Uploaded by

Saad2222
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Separable Differential

Equations
Solutions to Differential Equations
A separable first–order differential equation has the form
dy g(x)
----- = ------
dx h(y)
To solve the equation,

1. Rewrite it as h(y) dy = g(x) dx. (cross multiply)

2. Integrate both sides ∫ h(y) dy = ∫ g(x) dx

3. Solve for y. (remember to include C)

4. Use initial condition to solve for C


Basic Concepts
• Differentiation

( x n ) nx n  1 (sin x ) cos x


( e x ) e x (cos x )  sin x
( a ) a ln a
x x (tan x ) sec 2 x
1 (cot x )  csc 2 x
(ln x ) 
x (sec x ) sec x tan x
log a e (csc x )  csc x cot x
(log a x ) 
x

Page 3
Basic Concepts
• Differentiation
(sinh x ) cosh x 1 1
(sin x ) 
(cosh x ) sinh x 1  x2
1
(cos  1 x ) 
1  x2
1 1
(tan x ) 
1  x2
1 1
(cot x ) 
1  x2
Page 4
Basic Concepts
• Integration
n 1
(u v )dx udx vdx x
 dx  n  1  c
n
x
cudx c udx 1
x dx x dx ln x  c
1

udv uv  vdu



x x
e dx e c
uvdx uv  uvdx x
a
 dx  ln a  c
x
a

Page 5
Basic Concepts
• Integration

sin xdx  cos x  c


cos xdx sin x  c
tan xdx  ln cos x  c
cot xdx ln sin x  c
sec xdx ln sec x  tan x  c
csc xdx ln csc x  cot x  c
Page 6
Basic Concepts
• Integration
1 1 1 x
x 2  a 2 dx  a tan a  c
1 1 x
 a 2  x 2 dx sin a  c
1 1 x
 x 2  a 2 dx sinh a  c
1 x

1
dx cosh c
2
x  a 2 a
Example 1
dy x
Solve ----- = ------
dx 3y²

3y² dy = x dx

3∫y² dy = ∫x dx

y³ = ½x² + C

y= 3
½x² + C
Example 2
dy 6x - x³
-----
Given dx = ----------- initial condition: y(0) = 3
2y

2y dy = (6x – x³) dx

2∫y dy = ∫(6x – x³) dx

y² = 3x² – ¼x4 + C

y = 3x² – ¼x4 + C

y = 3x² – ¼x4 + 9
Example 3
Find a function f whose graph passes through (1, 0) and has
slope 1 – x.
dy
----- = 1 - x
dx

dy = (1 – x) dx

∫dy = ∫(1 – x) dx

y = x – ½x² + C

0 = 1 – ½(1)² + C  0=½+C

y = x – ½x² - ½
Example 4
Find the particular solution for the initial condition y(0) = 2 for the
equation ex² yy’ + x = 0.

ex² yy’ + x = 0. ex² yy’ = - x y’ = (-xe-x²) / y

dy -xe-x²
----- = ------
dx y

y dy = -xe-x² dx

u = -x²
∫y dy = -∫xe-x² dx du = -2xdx

½y² = ½e-x² + C

y = e-x² + C  2= 1+C  C=3

y = e-x² + 3
Example 5
dy
Solve x ----- = - y² , x > 0, with the initial condition x0 = 1, y0 = ⅓
dx
dy - y²
----- = ------
dx x

dy dx dx
x dy = - y² dx ----- = ------ -y-2dy = ------
- y² x x

dx
-∫ y-2dy = ∫ ------
x

1 1 1
---- = ln |x| + C
y y = ------------- ⅓ = ---------
ln |x| + C 0+C

1
y = -------------
ln |x| + 3
Example 6
A point is moving along a line in such a way that its velocity is 4-
2t. When t = 0, the position is 0. Find the position at time t, and the
acceleration. ds
----- = v(t) = 4 – 2t a(t) = -2
dt

ds = (4 – 2t) dt

∫ ds = ∫ (4 – 2t) dt

s = 4t – t² + C

0 = 4(0) – (0)² + C 0 = C

s = 4t – t²
Example 7
A formula for acceleration, a, of a point P moving on a line is a= 6t - 6,
where s = 0, v = 2 and t = 0. Find the law of motion.

a(t ) = 6t – 6

dv
----- = a(t ) = 6t – 6
dt

∫dv = ∫(6t – 6) dt

v(t) = 3t² – 6t + v0 v(0) = 3(0)² – 6(0) + v0 = 2 v0 = 2


ds
----- = v(t) = 3t² – 6t + 2
dt

∫ds = ∫(3t² + 6t + 2) dt

s(t) = t³ + 3t² + 2t + s0 s(0) = 0³ + 3(0)² + 2(0) + s0 = 0 s0 = 0

s(t) = t³ + 3t² + 2t
Example 8
Find the x,y equation of the curve through (1,2) whose slope at any point
is 4 times its x-coordinate
dy
----- = 4x
dx

dy = 4x dx

∫dy = 4∫x dx

y = 2x² + C

2 = 2(1)² + C 2= 2+C C=0

y = 2x²

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