Good Morning!

My name is Mrs.
Mary Grace B.
Bacason
Welcome back to
school!
Guidelines inside the Classroom

01 BE PREPARED 04 BE KIND

02 BE RESPECTFUL 05 CLEAN YOUR

MESS

03 ASK FOR HELP 06 BE POSITIVE

MODULE 1
LESSON 1
As you push or pull an object,
what do you apply to the object?
FORCE
&
What does FORCE mean in
everyday terms?
Examine the ball on top of the table in
Figure 6. Choose the letter of your
answer to the given conditions below:

Figure 1. Effect of force on a ball

 Condition Answer
1. In letter A, is the ball at
rest? A. Yes B. No
2. How can you make the ball A. The ball has to be pushed B. The ball has to be pulled
move? or pulled. only.
3. In letter B, what happens to
the ball when you push it A. The ball moves in the
with enough force? same direction as the B. The ball does not move.
force.

B. The ball has to be pushed

4. In letter C, while it is in the same direction of
A. Exert a force opposite the
moving, how can you make its motion.
motion of the ball.
the ball stop?

B. The ball has to be pushed

5. In letter D, how can we in the same direction of
A. The ball has to be pushed
make the ball change its its motion.
sideways.
direction?
Picture Analysis
Analyze the pictures and identify what type of force is
shown in each picture. Distinguish which picture describe
contact and non-contact force and illustrate the free-body
diagram of each picture.
Pulling the kite
Dribbling the ball
Playing Tumba lata
Pokpok Palayok
Cliff Diving
A. Will this object move by itself?
B. How can we make this object move?
C. While it is moving, how can we make
the object speed up or slow down?
As you push or pull an object,
what do you apply to the object?
This is called force
WHAT IS FORCE?
Force is defined as a push or a pull acting on an
object by another object.
It can be described as a vector quantity since it
has both a magnitude and direction.
Force cannot be seen but its effect is noticeable.
Force change the motion of an object.
Figure 2. Physical concepts illustrated on a ball
Figure 2 shows how force acts on a ball, but
you need to be familiar with the following
terms:
•magnitude – refers to the size or strength of the force. It is commonly
expressed in Newton (N) for Meter-Kilogram-Second (MKS) system. In the
International System of Units (SI), Newton is commonly used which is named
after Sir Isaac Newton, an English physicist and mathematician.
•direction – points to where the object goes. The direction of the arrowhead
indicates the direction of the force. The length of the arrow represents the
amount of force (relative magnitude).
•point of application – the location of where the force is applied.
•line of action – is the straight line passing through the point of application and
is parallel to the direction of force.
 TWO TYPES OF FORCE
CONTACT FORCES – Forces where objects touch
or contact with each other.
NON-CONTACT FORCES- Forces where objects
do not touch or contact with each other. These
forces act over a zone or area called field.
TYPES OF CONTACT FORCES
1. APPLIED FORCE
2. FRICTION
3. NORMAL
4. TENSION
5. SPRING FORCE
Applied Force
a force given to a person or
object by another person or
object. Its symbol is F
depending on who or what
applies force to the object. If
a boy applies a force to a
wall, we denote it with FBOY.
Figure 3. Applied force of a boy (FBOY ) towards the
wall
Friction
is the force acting against or
opposite an object in contact
with which makes the
movement of the object slow
down.
Friction always opposes the Figure 4. Frictional force (Ff ) acts opposite to
motion of an object. Its the force applied

symbol is written as Ff.

AIR RESISTANCE (Fair )
It is an example of
frictional force of the air
against a flying kite,
airplanes, parachutes or
those in skydiving sports.
For free-falling
objects, this force is
always considered
negligible, meaning
the magnitude is
unnoticeable.
Normal
is the force that acts perpendicular to
the surface of the object in contact with.
Its symbol is FN.
is the support force exerted upon an
object that is in contact with another
stable object.
For example, if a book is resting upon a Figure 5. Normal force (F ) acts perpendicular to
surface, then the surface is exerting an the surface N

upward force upon the book in order to

support the weight of the book.
Tension
is the force applied to
string, rope, chain or
cable. Its symbol is T.

Figure 6. Tensional force or simply tension (T) that

acts on the rope of a hanging ball.
SPRING FORCE
is the force exerted by a compressed or
stretched spring upon any object that is
attached to it.
It is a force that can be found in elastic
materials.
An object that compresses or stretches a spring
is always acted upon by a force that restores
the object to its rest or equilibrium position.

Figure 7. Spring force that acts on the spring of a

hanging object.
TYPES OF NON-CONTACT
FORCES
1. Gravitational (Fg)
2. Magnetic
Gravitational (Fg)
is the force with which the earth, moon, or other massively large
object attracts another object towards itself.
In the case of the Earth, this gravitational force causes objects to
fall down to the ground. It makes satellites and smaller objects
stay in orbit near the more massive planets.
Mass and distance of the two objects affect thee gravitational
force that holds them.
The bigger the masses of the objects are, the bigger is the
gravitational force between them. Figure 8. Gravitational force between the
Earth and the Moon.
The closer the objects are, the greater is the gravitational force
between them. The figure below illustrates gravitational force
between the Earth and the Moon. Earth has bigger gravitational
force over the Moon.
The weight of an object, denoted by W, is
an example of the gravitational force of
the Earth towards the object.
In figure 9, the weight of a book (WBOOK) is
illustrated.

However, the weight of an object depends

on the mass of the celestial body where
the object is attracted to. Meaning, we
seem to be lighter when we are on the
moon than on the Earth.

Figure 9. Illustration of the weight of a book (WBOOK)

on the table with normal force (FN)
The force of gravity on earth is always
equal to the weight of the object as found
by the equation:
Fgrav = mg
where g = 9.8 N/kg (on Earth)
and m = mass (in kg)
Caution: do not confuse weight with mass.
MAGNETIC
are forces exerted on a field of attraction or
repulsion as in the case of magnets and other
magnetic materials.
Magnets and magnetic materials have two
poles – the north and south poles.
Attraction may occur when two poles are not Figure 14. Opposite poles attract Like poles repel

the same, a positive and a negative while

repulsion takes place with the same poles,
positive-positive and negative-negative.
FREE-BODY DIAGRAM
A Free-body diagram is used to show the relative
magnitude and direction of all forces acting upon an object
in a given situation.
The size of the arrow in a free-body diagram reflects the
magnitude of the force. The direction of the arrow shows
the direction that the force is acting. Each force (arrow) in
the diagram is labeled to indicate the exact type of force. It
is generally customary in a free-body diagram to represent
the object by a box and to draw the force arrow from the
center of the box outward in the direction that the force is
acting.
The only rule for drawing free-body diagrams is to depict all
the forces that exist for that object in the given situation.
As you push or pull an object, what do you
apply to the object? What is force?
What are the different types of forces that can
act on an object and affect the motion of an
object?
FORCE
Interaction between two objects that
causes a change in the motion of the
objects.

What impact can

forces have on
objects?
• make it move
• make it speed up
• make it slow down
• stop it
• cause it to change direction
• cause it to change shape
LET’S APPLY
Cite one situation you do every day that
describes contact and noncontact force and
explain the effect of these forces to the
motion of the object.
QUIZ
Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following
describes a force?
A. a pull only C. a push and pull or both
B. a push only D. Neither a push or a pull
2. What refers to how large or
strong is the force?
A. Magnitude C. Velocity of the object
B. Line of action D. Direction of the force
3. What force is always directed
opposite to the motion of an object?
A. Friction C. Magnetic
B. Gravitational D. Tension
4. What force pulls an object
back to the Earth?
A. Applied C. Magnetic
B. Gravitational D. Tension
5. Which surface would be
easiest for a bicycle to move?
A. Sand C. Muddy road
B. Grass D. Concrete road
6. What type of forces hold between two
celestial bodies like the Sun and Earth?
A. Applied C. Magnetic
B. Gravitational D. Tension
7. What force acts perpendicular to the
surface of the object in contact with?
A. Applied C. Normal
B. Gravitational D. Tension
8. How do forces occur?
A. In pairs C. By themselves
B. In triplets D. As single quantity
9. When you move a chair across the floor,
what force must your push be stronger
than?
A. Friction C. Normal
B. Magnetic D. Tension
10.Whichofthesesurfaceshasthe

10.Whichofthesesurfaceshasthelowestfriction?

A. Gravel C. Ice
B. Sand D. Mud
ASSIGNMENT
Read about balanced and unbalance forces
and give example of a scenario showing
balance and unbalanced forces.