FLUID

Centrifugal
z Blower
Introduction
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 A centrifugal blower
is a motor or pump
that moves air using
centrifugal force
created by the
rotation of an impeller
that pulls air or fluids
into the blower and
pushes it out through
the blower's outlet.
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Working Principle:
 Centrifugal blowers consist of a rotating impeller, a casing, and an

inlet and outlet duct. The impeller blades are curved and mounted on a
shaft, which is driven by an electric motor. When the impeller rotates, it
creates a centrifugal force that pushes the air radially outward.
Types of Centrifugal Blowers:
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A. Forward Curved Blowers: These blowers have curved

blades that gradually increase in size from the inlet to the
outlet.
B. Backward Curved Blowers: In these blowers, the blades

curve backward against the direction of rotation.
C. Radial Blowers: Radial blowers have straight blades that

extend radially from the center hub.
Applications:
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 Centrifugal blowers find extensive applications in various industries, including:
1. HVAC Systems: They are used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems
to circulate and regulate indoor air quality in buildings.
2. Industrial Ventilation: Centrifugal blowers are employed in factories, warehouses,

and manufacturing facilities to remove dust, fumes, and harmful gases from the
working environment.
3. Power Generation: They are utilized in power plants to supply combustion air to
boilers, as well as for cooling and ventilation purposes.
4. Automotive Industry: Centrifugal blowers are used in vehicle climate control

systems and engine cooling systems.
5. Material Handling: They assist in pneumatic conveying systems for moving bulk
solids and granular materials.
Advantages
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1. Versatility: Centrifugal blowers can handle a wide range of airflow rates and
pressures, making them suitable for diverse applications.
2. Energy Efficiency: They are designed to deliver high performance and can be
optimized for energy efficiency.
3. Reliability: Centrifugal blowers are robust and can operate continuously for long
periods without major maintenance requirements.
4. Compact Design: These blowers have a compact footprint and can be installed in
tight spaces.
Disadvantages
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1. Noise and Vibration: Centrifugal blowers can generate high levels of noise and
vibration, which may require additional noise control measures and isolation
systems.
2. High Initial Cost: Depending on the size and specifications, centrifugal blowers can
be relatively expensive compared to other types of fans.
3. More Complex Design: Their intricate design can make maintenance and repairs
more challenging.
Conclusion
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Centrifugal blowers play a critical role in many industries where efficient airflow
and pressure control are required. Their versatility, energy efficiency, and reliability
make them indispensable in HVAC, industrial ventilation, and material handling
applications. While they may have some drawbacks, proper selection, installation, and
maintenance can help mitigate these issues. As technology continues to advance,
centrifugal blowers are expected to become even more efficient and eco-friendly in the
future.
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Sample Problem:
1. A fan draws 1.42 m^3 per second of air at a static pressure of 2.54 cm of water through a duet 300 mm
diameter and discharges it through a duet of 275 m diameter. Determine the static fan efficiency if total fan
mechanical is 70% and air is measured as 20°C and 760 mmHg.
Ans: e = 50.0217%
2. A blower operating at 1500 rpm compresses air from 68°F and 14.7 psia to 10 psig. The desired flow is
1350 cfm and at this point, brake horsepower is 80 hp. Determine the overall blower efficiency at design
point if k = 1,3395.
Ans: e = 60.03638213%
3. A 50 kw motor is used to drive a fan that has a total head of 110m. If fan efficiency is 70%, what is the
maximum capacity of the fan?
Ans: Q = 27.02197616 m^3/s
4. A fan delivers 4.7 m^3/s at a static pressure of 5.08 cm of water when operating at a speed of 400 rpm.
The power input required is 2.963 kw. If 7.05 m^3/s are desired in the same fan and installation, find the
pressure in cm of water.
Ans: h2 = 11.43 cm of water

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Centrifugal

 Centrifugal blowers consist of a rotating impeller, a casing, and an

A. Forward Curved Blowers: These blowers have curved

B. Backward Curved Blowers: In these blowers, the blades

C. Radial Blowers: Radial blowers have straight blades that

 Centrifugal blowers find extensive applications in various industries, including:

2. Industrial Ventilation: Centrifugal blowers are employed in factories, warehouses,

4. Automotive Industry: Centrifugal blowers are used in vehicle climate control

Ans: Q = 27.02197616 m^3/s

Ans: h2 = 11.43 cm of water

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