Welcome

Computer Basics,
Troubleshooting, & Ergonomics
Training and Workshop
For

DEPED School Coordinators

Prepared By:
ITS Network & Maintenance Division, Admin,& NTA

Version 2.2
Your curiosity leads you to your knowledge: before
you can derive knowledge from what you study, there
must be a bridge between curiosity and knowledge,
and the bridge is passion. Passion can do great work
in the learning process.
 Learning objectives:
 Learn the basic operation of a computer system.
 Overview on the essential components of a computer
system.
 Learn to differentiate hardware vs. software troubles.
 Learn and describe the major components of a
computer system.
 Overview on what is operating system and application
system.
 Overview on basic operation of UPS & AVR’s.
 Overview on basic operation of ink jet printers.
 Learn how to basically troubleshoot and fixed basic
computer problems.
 Learn how to troubleshoot basically local network
problem.
 Learn how to maintain a computer systems.
 Learn the basic understanding on computer
specifications.
 Overview of what is ergonomics.
 What is Computer ?

A computer is a machine or device that accept information or

instructions processes it electronically based on the instructions
provided by software or programs and obtain a meaningful
results, and it has the capability to stored or display the data
output.
 Different types of Personal Computer
Systems
 Desktop Computer
Full Tower/Mid Tower
 Laptop
 Notebook
 Netbook
 Tablet
 iPad
 MacBook
 Smartphones
 etc..
Basic Operations of a Computer System

INPUT PROCESSING OUTPUT

STORAGE

CONTROLLING

 Input – It is the process of entering data and instructions into the

computer system.
 Processing – It is the process of performing arithmetic, or logical
operation on data so that it can be converted into useful information.
 Storing – It is the process of saving data and instructions in the
computer system so that they are readily available for initial or
intermediary processing whenever required.
 Output – It is the process of producing useful information or results for
the user such as visual display on screen or a printed report.
 Controlling – It is the process of directing the method and sequence in
which all of the above operations are performed in the computer
system.
 Main Areas of the Computer System

1. Input Device – Devices that are used with a

computer to input data and instructions into the
computer.
2. Output Device – hardware device that converts
information or data into a human-perceptible form.
3. Processor – A chip in the computer that is used to
process and execute instructions.
4. Storage (HDD/SSD)– is a hardware device which
allows storing data information.
5. Memory (RAM)– Temporary storage of programs
that are running on the computer. This is
sometimes called RAM.
 What’s inside my computer?
• A typical personal
computer system is 6
7

modular by design.
8
1. Display
2. Input Device 1
9

3. Pointing Device 10

4. Optical Drive
5. Magnetic Drive
6. Motherboard 4
7. CPU
8.Memory
5
9. Expansion Cards 2
10. Power Supply 3
 Components of a Desktop Computer

 Central Processing
Unit (CPU)
 Motherboard
 Hard disk drive (HDD)
 Random Access
Memory (RAM)
 Video Card
 Power Supply
 Monitor
Central Processing Unit (CPU)

 Central Processing
Unit (CPU)
The component in a
digital computer
system capable of
executing a program
or sometimes they
call it as the brain of
the computer.
 Motherboard
 Provides the
electrical and
logical connections
by which the other
components of the
system
communicate
 Form Factors
 - AT
 - ATX
 - Micro ATX
 - BTX
 Hard Disk Drive
 (HDD) is a non-volatile
computer storage device
containing magnetic disk or
platters rotating at a high
speed approximately 7200
rpm.

 Tips:

 Why is a HDD very sensitive?

–The layer between the head
and the platter is less than
the width of a human hair.
 Possible Problems
–Fragmentation Native HDD Drive VS (SSD) Solid State
Drive
–Loose connection
–Bad Sectors
–Clicking noise
 RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY
 (RAM ). Is a type of data storage
used in computer, this type of
memory is volatile and
information that was stored on it
is lost when computer is turn off.

 Tips:

 Symptoms of defective RAM.

–No Display in monitor with

beeping sound; 1short, 2long
beep.
–Blue screen of death (BSOD).
–Computer randomly shut down
or restart.
 Power Supply
 Convert AC Line from the mains
to usable low-voltage DC power
for the internal components of
the computer.
 Form Factor
– AT
– ATX
– BTX

 Tips:
 Symptoms of defective PSU.

– Computer randomly shut

down or restart.
– Blue screen of death
(BSOD).
 The Operating System

 Operating
System (OS)

- system software
that manage
computer
hardware &
software
resources, it
provides common
services for
computer
programs.
 Hardware vs Software
HARDWARE SOFTWARE
vs
The physical parts of Programs and
computer things you apps that are installed
can hold & touch.. on the computer.

Computer Parts Operating System Application System

Windows 10, Windows MS Office, Adobe
CPU,
11,Linux,Android, etc. Photoshop, VLC Player,
Motherboard ,Memory, etc.
HDD,Monitor, etc.
 Application Software
 Application software
is a computer program
designed to carry out a
specific task other
than one relating to the
operation of
the computer itself, typically
to be used by the end-users.

 Some examples include

PowerPoint, Excel, Word,
Internet Explorer, etc.
Preventive Maintenance & Basic PC Care
Why it is important to conduct Preventive Maintenance on our
PC?

 Regular preventive maintenance reduces potential hardware and

software problems.
 It reduces computer downtime.

 Saves money by minimizing the repair cost.

 It improves data protection, and equipment life stability.

Contributors to PC Failure

 Excessive Temperature

 Dust Build-up

 Power-line Problem

 Corrosion

 Magnetic field
 Basic Preventive Maintenance
Tips:
 Eliminate source of dust in the room and
check surface for dust accumulation.

 Clean your computer system

unit using paint brush and or dry
soft cloth.
 Keep the cooling vents clear.
 Check power cords and cables
attached to your PC for sign of
damage.
 Run disk cleanup, Defragment &
Optimize Drives .
 Make it a habit to regularly
back your files .
 Delete files you don't need anymore.
– To prevent your computer from running
out of storage space, it's a good idea to
remove files that you no longer need.

 Remove programs you don't need anymore.

– Unused programs waste space and can
slow down your computer.

 Make your computer more secure.

– Install antivirus software
– Install antispyware software
– Back up your computer
 Do’s & Don'ts for you Computer
Tips:
 Do shutdown properly when you wish to turn
off the system unit using proper shutdown
procedure.

 Do make sure that your PC is protected

against electrical surges by using UPS &
Automatic Voltage Regulators.
 Do run PC security, such as Anti-Virus,
Windows Defender & keep the software
activated and updated.
 Do install windows update.

 Do delete unnecessary files it consumes

memory space & unwanted application
which slow-down system’s performance by
consuming more memory (RAM).

 Do keep your computer operating in a cool &

dust free environment.
Do’s & Don'ts for you Computer
Tips:
 Don’t obstruct the air inlets and outlets on
your PC, leave some space between the
computer & the wall.

 Do not smoke, drink, or eat near your

computer.
 Don’t download unknown software from the Internet.

 Don’t open unexpected e-mail

attachments.

 Don’t unplug the power cord of your

computer with-out using proper shutdown
procedure.

 Don’t do anything inside the computer unless

you know what you are doing & your
authorize to do so.
 Desktop PC most common problem & solution

PROBLEM PROBABLE CAUSE SOLUTION

Desktop PC  Power cable is not  re-insert power cable to power
(No Power) properly plug to power source.
source, loose contact.
 Defective wall socket.
 Check physical damage on wall
 Defective power socket.
switch
 Replace power switch.
 Defective Built-in
power  Replace power supply unit
 supply  Replace motherboard
 Defective motherboard
PROBLEM PROBABLE SOLUTION
CAUSE
Desktop PC
(with power no display)
Monitor is not Turn monitor ON
ON Clean the Memory and memory
Memory/ slots of the motherboard.
memory slots on
motherboard
need cleaning.
How to Troubleshoot Computer Beep Codes

Beep Code Meaning Suggested Action

1- short beep  No error: the system is

booting properly.
1- short, 2- long beep  Bad RAM •Reseat RAM, then re-boot the system. &
or replace RAM.
Continuous Beeping  Memory error •Replace RAM.
4- long beeps  Memory error •Replace RAM.
1- long, 2-short beep  Video error: faulty video •Reseat video card & try again.
card
Repeating short beeps  Problem with the power •Replace
supply & or with in the
motherboard.
 Printers
TYPES OF PRINTERS

 Inkjet Printer
 LaserJet
 Dot-matrix
 Multi-function Printer

A Multi-function PRINTER(MPF) It can copy, print,

scans, and function as fax machine.

Brand Comparison

 EPSON Printer
 Head is integrated into printer, very
expensive to replace when damaged
 Less expensive ink consumable

HP & Canon Printers

 Head is built into ink cartridge
 Expensive to replace cartridge
 Cartridge can only be refilled 3x
 Tips:
 Common Problem of Inkjet
printers:

– Inkpad counter is full, this needs

to be reset.
– Paper jam problem, cause by
crumpled paper. or, paper was not
properly arrange on the paper
tray.
– Clogged printer nozzle head,
needs maintenance cleaning.

 Common Problem of dot-

matrix printers:
– Paper won’t feed, paper feed
selector was not properly set.
– Carriage stops moving all light
indicator start blinking, this is
cause by misaligned ribbon on
cartridge re-aligned ribbon and
clear path for possible blockage.
– Printout is faint, head gap lever is
not in proper position, adjust the
 Printer most common problem & solution

PROBLEM PROBABLE CAUSE SOLUTION

Epson Inkjet Printers  Power cable is not  re-insert power cable to power
properly plug to power source.
(No Power) source, loose contact.
 Defective wall socket.
 Check physical damage on wall
 Defective power socket.
switch
 Replace power switch.
 Defective Built-in
power supply.  Replace power supply unit

PROBLEM PROBABLE SOLUTION

CAUSE
Epson Inkjet Printers
(Blinking lights)
Paper lights flashes and Green Paper jammed Clear jammed paper, or foreign
lights is on . object stuck @paper feed area.
Paper and Ink lights flashes Inkpad counter Needs to be reset using Resetter.
alternately. is full.
All Lights are blinking
Fatal error, Check for misalignment or damage
paper sensor paper sensor spring, clean encoder
Paper light is on and power problem. disc sensor.
light is flashing Problem with
scanner unit. Put paper on tray and long press
Networking Essentials
 What is a Network?
 Network is defined as the set of computers
and peripherals connected together using a
medium (wired or wireless)
 Networking is the concept of joining two or
more host using shared media like switches,
routers, etc.
 Connection between them can be a direct
connection, through a cable or an indirect
connection through a switch or router.
Why do I need a Network?
 Communicate and collaborate
 Sharing resources (files, applications,
hardware, or an Internet connection, etc.)
 Connect to Domain Server to access to
information for specified group of people
network & databases.
 Share information
– Document sharing
– Net Meeting
– email
– Facebook
– Twitter etc…
 Network Infrastructure
 LAN- stands for local area  WAN- stands for wide area network.
network. – Combines multiple LANs that are
– Are smaller networks geographically separated.
usually for small offices, – Accomplished by connecting the
different LANs using wireless
business, schools, & technology or services of
homes. internet service providers (ISP)
– It can be small link of few such as:
as two (2) computers or  Broadband / Fiber (Globe,
more. PLDT, Dito, Filproducts, etc.
 Satellite links (Starlink)
 Components of
LAN

1.Switch / Router
2.Cable
3.Network interface card (built-in) PC, laptop, or other
network device.

switch

Cable

NI
C
 Switch
 It is central component of a network.
 Built-in to router or it can be a separate device
 It expands the number of ports needed in
network, interconnects computer in a local
network.

Power
LAN ports
Indicator
 Router
• A device that transfers data packets along
networks.
• Located at places where two or more networks
connect.
• Assign IP addresses on the network.
• Uses protocols to communicate with each other.
• Configures the best route between any two
hosts.
 Cables

• Twisted pair cable

• Fiber Optic cable

Twisted pair comes in two

categories :
1. Cat 5e - 100
mbps
2. Cat 6
- 1000 mbps
 Twisted pair cable
• Uses electrical signals to transfer data
• Twisted pair cable comes in two formats:
1. UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair)
2. STP (Shielded Twisted Pair)
• STP comes with extra copper braids to
insulate data from electrical interferences
• Used in factory floors
• UTP is used mostly in office

Twisted-Pair
 Fiber optic cable

•Use light signals to transfer

data
•Can carry large information
over long distance

Fiber-
Optic
 Basic Home Office Network Setup

Wall Router
Jack
DSL/Cable
Modem

8 Port Network
Switch Printer

PC1 PC4

PC2 PC3

Shared
Common Wifi Router
Common Network Fiber Connection
FIBER MODEM
 Common Network Connection Problem

PROBLEM PROBABLE CAUSE SOLUTION

 No Network Connection  LAN cable is loose  re-insert LAN cable and try again.
 Defective Lan cable  Replace
 Switch power supply  Check if switch power adapter is
issue. properly plug to AC outlet
 No Internet Connection

 Router power adaptor  Check if router power adaptor is

issues properly plug to AC outlet.
 Re-insert LAN cable and try again.
 LAN cable is loose  Call Internet Provider Hotline
 Internet Provider issues
 Computer Power Protection Devices

UPS-Uninterruptible Power Supply

Provides short term power during
power outages
Surge Protection
– Protects the PC from power
spikes
Rated in wattage (watts/VA)
– 350VA
– 500VA
– 600VA to 1KV up

AVR – Automatic Voltage Regulator

Provides AC line regulation
– Ordinary AVR included in PC
provide very little regulation. PCs
run fine without them.
– Servo type regulators provide
best line regulation.
Computer Specification
 Why You Need to Know Your PC’s
Specs?

 By understanding your PC’s specifications, you can determine if

a PC meets the requirements of the software you intend to use,
ensuring a smooth performance of the program your running.

 You won’t be able to make heads or tales of what the

salesperson is recommending to you.

 For Budgeting issues

 How to find computer specs in
windows?
 At your desktop PC screen, right-click This PC icon.

 Click properties to open computer system window.

DESKTOP PC SPECIFICATION SAMPLE
INKJET PRINTER SPECIFICATION SAMPLE
ERGONOMICS
 ERGONOMICS

 Ergonomics is the
science and the art of
fitting the job and the
work place to workers’
needs.

 It is a way to make
jobs/task fit the
employees better.

 It is a way to make work

easier.
 TYPES OF ERGONOMICS

 Physical ergonomics is the

human body’s response to
physical and physiological
work loads. Repetitive strain
injuries from repetition,
vibration, force, and posture
fall into this category.
 Cognitive ergonomics deals
with the mental processes
and capacities of human
when at work. Mental strain
from work loads, decision
making, human error, and
training fall into this
category.
 Consequences of Bad Posture

 Poor posture comes from sitting too comfortably

without sitting straight up. Here are some
consequences:

 Low back pain

 Shoulder pain
 Neck pain
 Headaches
 Disk and scar tissue damage
 High Blood pressure
 WHAT TO DO..?
Tips:
 Warm up & stretch before activities
that are repetitive, static or prolong.

STRETCH
 Take frequent breaks from any
sustained posture every 20-30
minutes.

 Respect pain-positions or stop

painful activity recognize early signs
of inflammatory.
 Be aware of workstation
environment.
Proper Posture While working at a
Computer
The End.
Thank you…