IoT Levels

and
Deploymen
t Template
Prepared by :
Raja Mahani binti Raja
Mohamed Ali
 Contents
1. INTRODUCTION
2. REST VS WEBSOCKET
3. IOT LEVELS
● LEVEL 1
● LEVEL 2
● LEVEL 3
● LEVEL 4
● LEVEL 5
● LEVEL 6
 Learning Outcome
At the end of the lesson, students should be able
to :

01 02 03
Identify the Describe Distinguish
levels of IoT each of the between all
and IoT level and the IoT levels
deployment deployment and
templates template deployment
template
 Introduction
An IoT system comprises of the following components:

•Device: An IoT device allows identification, remote sensing,

actuating and remote monitoring capabilities.

•Resource: Resources are software components on the IoT

device for accessing, processing, and storing sensor
information, or controlling actuators connected to the device.
Resources also include the software components that enable
network access for the device.

•Controller Service: Controller service is a native service that

runs on the device and interacts with the web services.
Controller service sends data from the device to the web
service and receives commands from the application (via web
services) for controlling the device.

•Database : Database can be either local or in the cloud and

stores the data generated by the IoT device.
 Introduction
Continued…

• Web Service : Web services serve as a link between the IoT

device, application,
database and analysis components. Web service can be
either implemented
using HTTP and REST principles (REST service) or using
WebSocket protocol
(WebSocket service).

• Analysis Component: The Analysis Component is responsible

for analyzing the IoT data and generate results in a form
which are easy for the user to understand. Analysis of IoT
data can be performed either locally or in the cloud.
Analyzed results are stored in the local or cloud databases.

• Application: IoT applications provide an interface that the

users can use to control and monitor various aspects of the
IoT system. Applications also allow users to view the system
status and view the processed data,
 REST
vs
WebSock
et
THE WEB SERVICES THAT SERVE AS A
LINK BETWEEN THE IOT DEVICES.
 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN REST &
WEBSOCKET
REST WebSocket
Stateless/Stateful REST services are stateless in WebSocket on the other hand is
nature. Each request contains stateful in nature where the
all the information needed to server maintains the state and is
process it. Requests are aware of all the open
independent of each other. connections.

Uni-directional/Bi- REST services Operate over WebSocket is a bi-directional

directional HTTP and are uni-directional. protocol and allows both client
Request is always sent by a and server to send messages to
client and the server responds each other.
to the requests.

Request- REST services follow a request- WebSocket on the other hand

Response/Full response communication model allow full-duplex communication
Duplex where the client sends requests between the client and server,
and the server responds to the i.e., both client and server can
requests. send messages to each other
 REST WebSocket
TCP Connections REST services, each HTTP WebSocket on the other hand
request involves setting up a involves a single TCP connection
new TCP connection. over which the client and server
communicate in a full-duplex
mode.

Header Overhead REST APIs have a higher WebSockets have a low overhead
message overhead compared to per message. They’re ideal for
WebSockets. They’re best suited use cases that require low-
for use cases where you want to latency, high-frequency
create, retrieve, delete, or communication.
update resources.
 IOT LEVELS

01 02 03 04 05 06
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 6
 01
Level 1
A level-1 IoT system has the following
characteristics:

-a single node/device that performs

sensing and/or
actuation, stores data.
-performs analysis and hosts the
application.
-suitable for modeling low-cost and low-
complexity
solutions where the data involved is not
big and the
analysis requirements are not
computationally
intensive.
DEPLOYMENT
TEMPLATE
EXAMPLE OF IOT FOR REST WEB
LEVEL 1
Let us now consider an REST
SERVICE
services deployed locally
example of a level-1 IoT allow retrieving and updating the
system for home automation. state of each light or appliance in
The system consists of a single the status database. The controller
node that allows controlling service continuously monitors the
the lights and appliances in a state of each light or appliance (by
home remotely. The device retrieving state from the database)
used in this system interfaces and triggers the telay switches
with the lights and appliances accordingly. The application which
using electronic relay switches. is deployed locally has a user
The status information of each interface for controlling the light or
light or appliance is appliances. Since the device is
maintained in a local connected to the internet, the
database. application can be assessed
remotely as well.
 02
Level 2
A level-2 IoT system has the followings
characteristics:

-a single node that performs sensing

and/or actuation
and local analysis.
-Data is stored in the cloud and
application is usually
cloud-based.
-suitable for solutions where the data
involved is big,
however, the primary analysis
requirement is not
computationally intensive and can be
done locally
itself.
DEPLOYMENT
TEMPLATE
 EXAMPLE OF IOT FOR REST WEB
LEVEL
Let us consider 2 of a level-2
an example
A
SERVICE
cloud-based REST web service is
loT system for smart irrigation. The
system consists of a single node that used for storing and retrieving
monitors the soil moisture level and moisture data which is stored in the
controls the irrigation system. The cloud database. A cloud-based
device used in this system collects soil application is used for visualizing
moisture data from sensors. The the moisture levels over a period of
controller service continuously monitors time, which can help in making
the moisture levels. If the moisture level decisions about irrigation
drops below a threshold, the irrigation schedules..
system is turned on. For controlling the
irrigation system actuators such as
solenoid valves can be used.
The controller also sends
the moisture data to the
computing cloud.
 03
Level 3
A level-3 IoT system has the following
characteristics:

-a single node.
-data is stored and analyzed in the cloud
and
application is cloud-based
-are suitable for solutions where the data
involved is
big and the analysis requirements are
computationally intensive.
DEPLOYMENT
TEMPLATE
 EXAMPLE OF IOT FOR WEBSOCKET
LEVEL
Let us consider 3 of a level-3
an example
The
SERVICE
benefit of using WebSocket
IoT system for tracking package
handling. The system consists of a service instead of REST service is
single node (for a package) that cloud. Moreover, cloud-based
monitors the vibration levels for a applications involves in the real-
package being shipped. The device in time data whereby the sensor data
this system uses accelerometer and can be sent in real time. In the
gyroscope sensors for monitoring other hand, the sensor data feeds
vibration levels. The controller service for viewing the real-time data.
sends the sensor data to the cloud in
real-time using a WebSocket service.
The data is stored in the cloud and also
visualized using a cloud-based
application. The analysis components in
the cloud can trigger alerts if the
vibration levels become greater than a
threshold.
 04
Level 4
A level-4 loT system has the following
characteristics:

-multiple nodes that perform local

analysis.
-data is stored in the cloud and
application is cloud-
based.
-contains local and cloud-based observer
nodes which
can subscribe to and receive
information collected in
the cloud from IoT devices.
DEPLOYMENT
TEMPLATE
 EXAMPLE OF IOT FOR
LEVEL 4
Observer nodes can process information Let us consider an example of a level-4
and use it for various applications, loT system for noise monitoring. The
however, observer nodes do not system consists of multiple nodes
perform any control functions. placed in different locations for
monitoring noise levels in an area. The
Level-4 IoT systems are suitable for nodes in this example are equipped with
solutions where multiple nodes are sound sensors. Nodes are independent
required, the data involved is big and of each other. Each node runs its own
the analysis requirements are controller service that sends the data to
computationally intensive. the cloud. The data is stored in a cloud
. database. The analysis of data collected
from a number of the cloud. A cloud-
based application is used for visualizing
the aggregated data.
.
.
 05
Level 5
characteristics:

-multiple end nodes and one coordinator

node.
The end nodes that perform sensing
and/or actuation.
Coordinator node collects data from the
end nodes and
sends to the cloud.
-data is stored and analyzed in the cloud
and
application is cloud-based.
-suitable for solutions based on wireless
sensor
networks, in which the data involved is
big and the
analysis requirements are
DEPLOYMENT
TEMPLATE
EXAMPLE OF IOT FOR
LEVEL 5 The coordinator node collects the
data from the end nodes and acts
Let us consider an example of a as a gateway that provides Internet
level-5 loT system for forest fire connectivity to the loT system. The
detection. The system consists of controller service on the
multiple nodes placed in different coordinator device sends the
locations for monitoring collected data to the cloud. The
temperature, humidity and carbon data is stored in a cloud database.
dioxide (CO2) levels in a forest. The
end nodes in this example are The analysis of data is done in the
equipped with various sensors computing cloud to aggregate the
(such as temperature, humidity data and make predictions. A
and CO2). cloud-based application is used for
visualizing the data.
 06
Level 6
-multiple independent end nodes that
perform sensing
and/or actuation and send data to the
cloud.
-Data is stored in the cloud and
application is cloud-
based,
-The analytics component analyzes the
data and stores
the results in the cloud database. The
results are
visualized with the cloud-based
application.
-The centralized controller is aware of the
status of all
the end nodes and sends control
DEPLOYMENT
TEMPLATE
EXAMPLE OF IOT FOR
LEVEL 6
Let us consider an example of a The end nodes send the data to the
leveI-6 IoT system for weather cloud in real-time using a
monitoring. The system consists of WebSocket service. The data is
multiple nodes placed in different stored in a cloud database. The
locations for monitoring analysis of data is done in the cloud
temperature, humidity and to aggregate the data and make
pressure in an area. The end nodes predictions. A cloud-based
are equipped with various sensors application is used for visualizing
(such as temperature, pressure and the data.
humidity).
A level-1 loT system has a single node/device that
performs sensing and/or actuation stores data,
performs analysis and hosts the application.

A level-2 loT system has a single node that performs

sensing and/or actuation and local analysis.

A level-3 IoT system has a single node. Data is stored

and analyzed in the cloud and application is cloud-
based.

A level-4 IoT system has multiple nodes that perform

local analysis. Data is in the cloud and application is
cloud-based.

A level-5 IoT system has multiple end nodes and one

coordinator node.

A level-6 IoT system has multiple stored independent

end nodes that perform sensing and/or actuation and
send data to the cloud.

Conclusion
 Activity
Work in group to create a
comparison table to show the
differences of all level in IoT
Good Luck Guys!!!
THANK YOU!