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Chapter 13 Wired Lans: Ethernet

The document discusses the evolution of Ethernet standards over time, including the original Standard Ethernet created in 1976 and its upgrades to Fast Ethernet operating at 100 Mbps, Gigabit Ethernet at 1 Gbps, and Ten-Gigabit Ethernet at 10 Gbps. Each new standard was developed by the IEEE to increase speed while maintaining backward compatibility with previous Ethernet frame formats and addressing. The standards also introduced new physical layer technologies to support higher speeds such as twisted-pair cabling for Fast Ethernet and fiber-optic for Gigabit and Ten-Gigabit Ethernet.

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Nhung Vu Thi Hong
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129 views24 pages

Chapter 13 Wired Lans: Ethernet

The document discusses the evolution of Ethernet standards over time, including the original Standard Ethernet created in 1976 and its upgrades to Fast Ethernet operating at 100 Mbps, Gigabit Ethernet at 1 Gbps, and Ten-Gigabit Ethernet at 10 Gbps. Each new standard was developed by the IEEE to increase speed while maintaining backward compatibility with previous Ethernet frame formats and addressing. The standards also introduced new physical layer technologies to support higher speeds such as twisted-pair cabling for Fast Ethernet and fiber-optic for Gigabit and Ten-Gigabit Ethernet.

Uploaded by

Nhung Vu Thi Hong
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 13 Wired LANs: Ethernet

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

IEEE Standards Standard Ethernet Changes in the Standard Fast Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet

Data Communications, Kwangwoon University

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IEEE Standards
In 1985, the Computer Society of the IEEE started a project, called Project 802, to set standards to enable intercommunication among equipment from a variety of manufacturers. Project 802 is a way of specifying functions of the physical layer and the data link layer of major LAN protocols.

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IEEE 802 Working Group


Active working groups
802.1 Higher Layer LAN Protocols Working Group 802.3 Ethernet Working Group 802.11 Wireless LAN Working Group 802.15 Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) Working Group 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access Working Group 802.17 Resilient Packet Ring Working Group 802.18 Radio Regulatory TAG 802.19 Coexistence TAG 802.20 Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) Working Group 802.21 Media Independent Handoff Working Group 802.22 Wireless Regional Area Networks

Inactive or disbanded working groups


802.2 802.4 802.5 802.7 Logical Link Control Working Group Token Bus Working Group Token Ring Working Group Broadband Area Network Working Group 802.8 Fiber Optic TAG 802.9 Integrated Service LAN Working Group 802.10 Security Working Group 802.12 Demand Priority Working Group 802.14 Cable Modem Working Group

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Logical Link Control (LLC)


Framing: LLC defines a protocol data unit (PDU) that is similar to that of HDLC To provide flow and error control for the upper-layer protocols that actually demand these services

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Standard Ethernet
The original Ethernet was created in 1976 at Xeroxs Palo Alto Research Center (PARC). Since then, it has gone through four generations

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MAC Sublayer
Preamble: alerting the receiving system to the coming frame and enabling it to synchronize its input timing CRC: CRC-32

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Addressing
Ethernet address in hexadecimal notation

The least significant bit of the first byte defines the type of address. If the bit is 0, the address is unicast; otherwise, it is multicast The broadcast destination address is a special case of the multicast address in which all bits are 1s

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Ethernet
Access method: 1-persistent CSMA/CD Slot time = rount-trip time + time required to send the jam sequence 512 bits for Ethernet, 51.2 s for 10 Mbps Ethernet Slot time and collision Slot time and maximum network length MaxLength = PropagationSpeed x SlotTime/2 MaxLength = (2 x 108) x (51.2 x 10-6/2) = 5120 m MaxLength = 2500 m 48 % of the theoretical calculation by considering delay times in repeaters and interfaces, and the time required to send the jam sequence

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Physical Layer: Ethernet

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10Base5: Thick Ethernet

10Base2: Thin Ethernet

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10BaseT: Twisted-Pair Ethernet

10Base-F: Fiber Ethernet

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Summary of Standard Ethernet

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Changes in the Standard


Bridged Ethernet: Raising bandwidth and separating collision domains

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Changes in the Standard


Switched Ethernet: N-port bridge

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Changes in the Standard


Full-duplex (switched) Ethernet: no need for CSMA/CD

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Fast Ethernet
Under the name of IEEE 802.3u Upgrade the data rate to 100 Mbps Make it compatible with Standard Ethernet Keep the same 48-bit address and the same frame format Keep the same min. and max. frame length MAC Sublayer CSMA/CD for the half-duplex approach No need for CSMA/CD for full-duplex Fast Ethernet Autonegotiation: allow two devices to negotiate the mode or data rate of operation

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Fast Ethernet: Physical Layer


Topology

Implementation

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Fast Ethernet: Encoding

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Summary of Fast Ethernet

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Gigabit Ethernet
Under the name of IEEE 802.3z Upgrade the data rate to 1 Gbps Make it compatible with Standard or Fast Ethernet Keep the same 48-bit address and the same frame format Keep the same min. and max. frame length Support autonegotiation as defined in Fast Ethernet MAC Sublayer Most of all implmentations follows full-duplex approach In the full-duplex mode of Gigabit Ethernet, there is no collision; the maximum length of the cable is determined by the signal attenuation in the cable. Half-duplex mode (very rare) Traditional: 0.512 s (25m) Carrier Extension: 512 bytes (4096 bits) min. length Frame bursting to improve the inefficiency of carrier extension
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Gigabit Ethernet: Physical Layer


Topology

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Gigabit Ethernet: Physical Layer


Implementation

Encoding

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Gigabit Ethernet: Summary

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Ten-Gigabit Ethernet
Under the name of IEEE 802.3ae Upgrade the data rate to 10 Gbps Make it compatible with Standard, Fast, and Giga Ethernet Keep the same 48-bit address and the same frame format Keep the same min. and max. frame length Allow the interconnection of existing LANs into a MAN or WAN Make Ethernet compatible with Frame Relay and ATM MAC Sublayer: Only in full-duplex mode no CSMA/CD

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