MODULE 1

INTRODUCTION

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1.Learning Objective
• Understanding the importance of energy.
• Classification of energy sources.
• Discussion about energy scenario in India.
• Discussion about energy scenario in World.
• Energy conservation techniques used to
reduced energy cost.
• Description on Electrical Distribution Code
with respect to supply system
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Learning Objective continued…..
• Study on Standard with respect of Electrical
Supply System.
• Objectives of Energy Conservation Act 2001.
• Understanding the issues addressed by Energy
Conservation Act 2001.
• Features of Indian Electricity Act 2003.
• Features of Indian Electricity Rule 1956.

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Importance of Energy
• “Energy is fundamental to daily life. Whether it is
providing light for our class room, refrigeration for
our food & medicine, pumps to irrigate our crops, or
electricity to run our commercial and industrial
enterprises, energy provides the means of economic
growth and social and political development”- USAID
USAID- United State Agency for International
Development
• Energy is the major inputs of economic development
of any country
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Energy Sources
• Coal
• Lignite
• Petrol
• Diesel
• Furnace oil
• Kerosene
• LPG
• Natural Gas
• LNG
• Electricity- Thermal, Hydro, Nuclear, Wind, Solar, Biomass
etc 5
 Classification of Energy Sources
Energy Sources

Primary and Secondary Commercial and Renewable and Non-

Energy Sources Non Commercial Renewable
Energy Sources Energy Sources

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Classification of Energy Sources contd…

(1) Primary & Secondary Energy sources

• Fossil fuels, Radioactive substances, Earth interior,
Earth gravity are the examples of primary energy
sources.
• Common primary energy sources are fossil fuels.
• Coal, Lignite, oil, natural gas, petrol, diesel biomass
etc are the derivatives of fossil fuels.
• Nuclear energy is obtained from radio active
substances
• Thermal energy stored in earth interior
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•
Classification of Energy Sources contd…

• The primary energy sources are mostly

converted in industrial utilities into secondary
energy sources.
Eg. Coal or Gas Steam and Electricity
• Steam, Electricity etc are the examples of
Secondary Energy Sources.

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Classification of Energy Sources contd…

(2)Commercial and Non commercial Energy

sources
Commercial Energy Sources
• Electricity, Coal, lignite, refined petroleum
products & natural gas are the important
commercial energy sources.
• These energy sources using for industrial,
agricultural, transport & commercial
development in the modern world.
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Classification of Energy Sources contd…

(2)Commercial and Non commercial Energy sources

Non-Commercial Energy Sources
• Traditional fuels like firewood, cattle dung, agro wastes
are grouped into non commercial energy sources
• Solar energy, Wind energy & animal power also
categorized into non commercial energy sources
• Solar energy- water heating, Electricity generation,
Drying grain, fish & fruits.
• Wind energy-Electricity generation & water lifting
• Animal power-water irrigation, transportation &
crushing sugar cane 10
Classification of Energy Sources contd…

(3) Renewable and Non-Renewable energy

sources
Renewable energy sources
• The renewable energy is obtained from sources
that are essentially inexhaustible.
Eg. Solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy,
tidal energy, hydro electric power & biodiesel
• Clean & pollution free
• Ecofriendly
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Classification of Energy Sources contd…

(3) Renewable and Non-Renewable energy

sources
Non-Renewable energy sources
• Coal, natural gas, oil, Nuclear energy are
collectively grouped into non renewable
energy source.
• Depleting with time
• Pollution

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 Possible Solutions to the Problem of Global Energy Crisis

1. Move Towards Renewable Resources

2. Buy Energy-Efficient Products
3. Perform Energy Audit
4. Energy Simulation
5. Easier Grid Access
6. Common Stand on Climate Change
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 Sustainable development Goals

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World Energy Scenario
• Introduction
• Global primary energy consumption
• Energy consumption in developing countries
• World energy consumption projections
• Outlook for primary energy consumption
• World energy resource overview
• World reserves of primary energy sources (i)coal,
(ii)oil and (iii)gas.
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World Energy Scenario
Introduction

• Energy demand in all over the world is increasing day by day.

• Major growth in energy demand is projected in developing
countries & 2 billion people lack access to affordable &
reliable energy.

• Coal, Oil & gas are the three major primary sources of
energy.

• World coal reserves are likely to last over 200 years

• Both oil & gas reserves likely to last 45-65 years 27

World Energy Scenario
Introduction continued..
• Among three major primary sources of energy coal
consumption is heavily concentrated for electricity
generation.

• Almost 65% of world’s coal use is for electricity generation

• Coal consumption is highest in china

• About 40% of the world’s population depends on firewood

and charcoal as their primary energy source.
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World Energy Scenario
Energy consumption in developing countries

• The developed countries attributable to high

energy consumption as comparing developing
countries.
• 80% of world population lies in developing
countries. Their energy consumption amount is
40% of the world’s total energy consumption.

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World Energy Scenario
Energy consumption in developing countries
• An American uses 32 times more commercial
energy than Indian.!!!!!!!!

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World Energy Scenario
World Energy Consumption projections
• About 2 billions people lack access to affordable
and reliable energy supplies in developing
countries.
• Women and children's are disproportionately
burdened by depending on traditional fuels.
• Strong energy demand growth is expected in
2001-25.
• Energy demand in India & China (asia) projected
more than double over the next quarter century.
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World Energy Scenario
World Energy Resources Overview
• Compared to 1998 survey coal and natural gas
consumption is increased somewhat and oil
declined slightly.
• Coal could contribute in a sustainable way to
satisfy demand for energy from two billion
people in the world today.

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World Energy Scenario
• World oil and gas reserves are estimated at
just 45 years and 65 years respectively .
• Coal is likely to lost a little over 200 years.

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Indian Energy Scenario
• Introduction
• Sector wise energy consumption coal
• India’s primary energy sources
Lignite
Oil
Natural gas
LNG
Electrical Energy
• Final energy consumption
• Demand for commercial energy for final consumption
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Indian Energy Scenario
Introduction
• The electricity sector in India had an installed
capacity of 255.012 GW as of end November
2014.
• As of March 2013, the per capita total electricity
consumption in India was 917.2 kWh.
• India became the world's third largest producer
of electricity in the year 2013 with 4.8% global
share in electricity generation.
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Indian Energy Scenario
Introduction
• India’s absolute primary energy consumption is only
1/29th of world energy consumption.
• As compared to America & Japan, absolute primary
energy consumption is 1/7th & 1/1.6th respectively.
• After the reformation the economic condition is
little bit improved.
• The implementation of Sustainable development
made India is one of the fastest growing economies
in Asia.
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 Sustainable development Goals

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Indian Energy Scenario
Introduction
• Economic growth of country proportional to
consumption of energy.
• As compared to developed countries per capita
energy consumption is too low in India.
• Energy usage in India is expected to rise to
around 450 kgoe/year by 2010 from the
present over 350 kgoe/year.
Note:- Kgoe- Kilogrammes of oil equivalent
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Indian Energy Scenario
Introduction
• In India, coal contributes 55% total primary energy
consumption.
• Oil production is declined from 20% to 17%
• Gas production is increased from 10% (in 1994) to 13% (in
1999)
• Oil production is declining because of poor availability in
oil reserves.ie only 5.9 billion barrels (0.5% of global
reserves)
• India imports 70% of oil
• India’s oil importing is increasing annually. (as of now 85%
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Indian Energy Scenario (As per 2013)

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 Sector wise energy consumption

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Coal Formation
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Indian Energy Scenario
India’s primary energy sources
(i) Coal-
• More than 50% of demand
• 8.6% of the world reserves
• 3rd largest coal producer after china & USA
• 70% heavy industry consuming coal
• In 2000, coal consumption was 369 million
tonnes & by the end of 2010 it was 450 million
tonnes
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Indian Energy Scenario
India’s primary energy sources
(ii) Lignite-
• Second quality of coal
• 36,008 million tones are available in India
• 85% available in Tamil Nadu
• Neyveli region- toppest lignite deposition
• Central govt. established Neyveli Lignite
Corporation limited (NLC)in 1956.
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Indian Energy Scenario

(iii) Oil-
• India is one of the top 10 oil consuming country.
• Oil satisfying 36% of total energy consumption
• Oil consumption rate as follows
1950-51 : 3.50 MMT
2002-03 :112 MMT
2006-07 : 175 MMT
2008-10: 3.2 million barrels/day
• Bombay high, upper Assam, Cambay & Krishna-godavari are
the major location.
• Currently India import crude oil from gulf nations(70%)
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•
Indian Energy Scenario
India’s primary energy sources
(iV) Natural Gas-
• Clean & environment friendly
• Faster growth
• 8.9% of total energy consumption
2002-03- gas production= 86.56MCMD
2006-07-gas production=103.08MCMD
• The natural gas reserves in India are estimated at 600 billion
cubic meters.
• By 2025, 10% of electricity is generated by CCGT plant using gas
or dual fuel naphtha(expensive)
• Nearly 82% of annual gas production is consumed by power & 48
Indian Energy Scenario
India’s primary energy sources
(V) LNG- Liquefied Natural Gas
• Natural gas is cooled extreme low temperature to liquefy &
the liquid transport in cryogenic ships to destination.
• Liquid occupies less volume.
• At Receiving end liquid is degasified through process heating.
• First LNG terminal Dahej in Gujarath with initial capacity of 5
million metric tones per annum(MMTPA) & which amounts 20
MCM/day.
• Year 2004 is a new era for India Petroleum and signed 25
years ‘take -or- pay ‘ contract from ‘Qatar’s Ras Gas’ .
• The marketing of gas being down by GAIL, Indian Oil 50
Indian Energy Scenario
India’s primary energy sources
(Vi) Electrical Energy
• As on march 31st, 2005 all India electric power installed
capacity was 118419MW (118.419GW).
• The electricity sector in India had an installed capacity of
255.012 GW as of end November 2014.
-Thermal-69%, Hydro-26%, Nuclear-2% & Wind power-3%.
• Hydro power potential is steadily decreasing.
• Peak demand storage is around 14%
• Deficit of energy is 8.4%
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Indian Energy Scenario
India’s primary energy sources

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 Indian Energy Scenario
India’s primary energy sources
• Required capacity in 2020 assuming 8% growth = 387,280
MW (387.280 GW)

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Indian Energy Scenario
Final Energy Consumption
• Final energy consumption is the actual energy
demand at the consumer or user end.

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Indian Energy Scenario
Final Energy Consumption

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