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Series-Parallel Circuit

Capacitor

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13 views35 pages

Series-Parallel Circuit

Capacitor

Uploaded by

sizzlingred
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Series-Parallel Circuit

Noor Fatima
Email: [email protected]
Series-Parallel Circuit
• Resistance in Circuit
• Resistors in series
• Resistors in parallel
• Series-Parallel Circuit Examples
• Calculations
Resistance in Circuit
• Two simple ways to connect circuit elements

• Series

• Parallel
Identifying Series and Parallel Circuit

• If you can move your finger along the wires from A to B


without passing a junction, i.e., without ever having a
choice of which wire to follow, the components are
connected in series.
Identifying Series and Parallel Circuit

• If you ever have a choice of which wire to follow when


moving from A to B, the circuit elements are not in
series.
• If each element provides an alternative path between
the same points A and B, the elements are in parallel.
Are these resistors in series or
parallel?
• Parallel
Are these resistors in series or
parallel?
• Series
Resistors in series

• Current: same current flows through all resistors


• Voltage: voltages in a series add up Vt=V1+V2+V3
Equivalent resistance

• Replace the series combination by a single “equivalent”


resistor (producing same total voltage for same current)
• V = V1 + V2 + V3
• V = IR1 + IR2 + IR V = IRt
• IR1 + IR2 + IR3 = IRt
• R1 + R2 + R3 = Rt
Resistors in parallel
• Current: current I splits
into currents I1, I2, I3 I =
I1+ I2+ I3

• Voltage: Voltage drops


across all three resistors
are identical VAB= V1=
V2= V3
Equivalent resistance
•I=
• Replace parallel
combination by single
equivalent resistor
•= + +
• (Dividing both sides by V
gives)
•= + +
• I = I1+ I2+ I3
•I= + +
Summary
• Series

• Parallel
Example
• Calculate the total resistance of the resistor “ladder”
shown. All resistors have the same resistance R.
Where to start?
• New color indicates an equivalent resistor made up of
several original ones.
All Done
Example
• For the circuit below, calculate the current drawn from
the battery
Strategy: Identify “bite-sized
chunks”
Calculation
• R3 and R4 are in parallel
•= +
• = +
• =
• =
• R34 = 4 Ω
Anymore “bite-sized chunks?”
Calculation
• R2 and R34 are in series.
• R = R2 +R34
• R = 6+4
• R =10 Ω
Calculation
• R1 and R234 are in parallel.
•= +
• = +
• =
• =
• R1234 = 5 Ω
Calculation
• R1234, R5 and R6 are in series.
• R123456 = R1234 +R5 +R6
• R123456 = 5+3+1
• R123456 = 9 Ω
• Rt = 9 Ω
Calculate the current drawn from
the battery.
• Rt = 9 Ω
• V =I R OHM’s Law
•I=
•I=
• I = 1A
Example
• Two 100 Ω light bulbs are connected (a) in series and (b)
in parallel to a 24 V battery. For which circuit will the
bulbs be brighter?
1. parallel (left)
2. series (right)
What is the current through each
bulb?
(a)Series combination

• Rt = R1 + R2
• V = I Rt
• V = I (R1 + R2)
• I = V / (R1 + R2)
• I = 24 V / (100 Ω + 100 Ω)
• I = 0.12 A
What is the current through each
bulb?
(b) Parallel combination

•= +
•= + =
• Rt= 50 Ω
• V = I R --- I =
• I = = 0.48 A
• I1 = I2 = = 0.24 A (because R1 = R2)
For which circuit will the bulbs be
brighter?
(a)Series combination

• for each bulb:


• P = I 2R
• P = (0.12 A)2 (100 Ω)
• P = 1.44 W
For which circuit will the bulbs be
brighter?
(b) Parallel combination

• for each bulb:


• P = V2 / R
• P = (24 V)2 / ( 100 Ω)
• P = 5.76 W

• We also know each current, so we could have used P = I2R


For which circuit will the bulbs be
brighter?
Compare

• Pseries = 1.44 W
• Pparallel = 5.76 W

• The bulbs in parallel are brighter

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