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Planning and Opt. - Slides

Planning and Optimization

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Emmanuel Nyantakyi
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33 views24 pages

Planning and Opt. - Slides

Planning and Optimization

Uploaded by

Emmanuel Nyantakyi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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D E PAT M E N T O F C O M P U T E R A N D E L E C T R I C A L E N G I N E E R I N G

P O W E R S Y S T E M P L A N N I N G A N D O P T I M I Z AT I O N - E L N G 4 0 6

K. A. KYEREMEH
Electric Power System Planning,
Hossein Seifi and Mohammad
Sadegh Sepasian

Power System Engineering:


Planning, Design and Operation of
READING Power Systems and Equipment,
MATERIALS Jürgen Schlabbach and Karl – Heinz
Rofalski.

Integrated Resource Strategic


Planning and Power Demand – Side
Management
• The electric power industry has
evolved over many decades.
• From a low power generator, serving
a limited area, to highly
BASIC interconnected networks, serving a
large number of countries, or even
PRINCIPLES OF continents.
POWER SYSTEM
• Running this very large system is a
PL ANNING real difficult task.
• At the same time that the current
situation should be run in an
efficient manner, proper insights
should be given to the future.
The word operation is the
normal electric power term
used for running the
current situation.

Referring to the future, the


power system experts use
D IF F E R E N C E B E T W E E N
the term planning to
PLANNING AND
denote the actions required OP E RAT ION
for the future.

The past experiences are


always used for efficient
operation and planning of
the system
The word planning stems of
the transitive vert to plan,
meant as to arrange a method
or scheme beforehand for any
work, enterprise, or
proceeding.

The aim here is to discuss B AS I C P R IN C IP L E S OF


the meaning of method or
scheme, beforehand and P OW E R S Y S T E M
work, enterprise or PLANNING
proceeding for a physical
power system.
In other words, we are
going to discuss the power
system planning problem in
terms of the issues
involved from various
viewpoints; the methods to
be used; the elements to
be affected; the time
GENERATION FACILITIES

POWER SUBSTATIONS
TRANSMISSIO
SYSTEM N FACILITIES
NETWORK
(LINES,
ELEMENTS CABLES

LOADS
POWER SYSTEM
STRUCTURE
POWER SYSTEM
STUDIES – A
TIME – HORIZON
PERSPECTIVE

We briefly noted earlier


that thinking of the current
and the future states of a
power system are called
operation and planning
respectively.
Power system planning is a
process in which the aim is
to decide on new as well as
POWER upgrading existing system
SYSTEM elements, to adequately
PLANNING satisfy the loads for a
ISSUES foreseen future
SYSTEM ELEMENTS

GENERATION FACILITIES

SUBSTATIONS

TRANSMISSION LINES AND/OR CABLES

CAPACITORS/REACTORS, etc.
Where to allocate the
element (for instance, the
sending and receiving end
of a line

When to install the THE DECISION


element (for instance,
2015), SHOULD BE

What to select, in terms of


the element specifications
(for instance, number of
bundles and conductor
type).
Let us assume that If the peak loading
our task is to decide conditions are to be
on the subjects given investigated, the
in the previous slide studies involve six
for 2015–2020. loading conditions.
STATIC

This type of study is VERSUS


One way is to, study
referred to as static
each year separately
planning which
irrespective of the
other years.
focuses on planning DYNAMIC
for a single stage. PL ANNING

The other is to focus


on all six stages,
simultaneously, so This type of study is
that the solution is named as dynamic
found for all six planning.
stages at the same
time.
In everyday life, all of us are
confronted with some decision
makings. Normally, we try to decide
for the best.

If someone is to buy a commodity,


he or she tries to buy the best
OPTIMIZATION
quality, yet with the least cost. TECHNIQUES

These types of decision makings are


categorized as optimization
problems in which the aim is to find
the optimum solutions; where the
optimum may be either the least or
the most.
Most of the operational and
planning problems consist of the
following three major steps

Definition
PROBLEM
DESCRIPTION
Modelling

Solution algorithm
In any optimization
problem, the decision
maker should decide on
the following items

Decision (independent)
and dependent variables
PROBLEM
DEFINITION
Constraints functions

Objective functions
Decision variables are the independent
variables; the decision maker has to
determine their optimum values and
based on those, other variables
(dependent) can be determined.

DECISION AND
DEPENDENT For instance, in an optimum generation
VARIABLES scheduling problem, the active power
generations of power plants may be the
decision variables. The dependent
variables can be the total fuel
consumption, system losses, etc. which
can be calculated upon determining the
decision variables.
In a capacitor allocation
problem, the locations and the
sizing of the capacitor banks are
the decision variables, whereas
the dependent variables may be
DECISION AND bus voltages, system losses, etc.
DEPENDENT
VARIABLES An n-decision variable problem
results in an n-dimensional
solution space in which any
point within that space can be a
solution.
DECISION AND
DEPENDENT
VARIABLES

A two-dimensional case is
shown
In a real-life optimization problem, some
limitations may apply to the solution space.
These are typically technical, economical,
environmental and similar limitations; named
as constraints which either directly or
indirectly divide the solution space into
acceptable (feasible) and unacceptable (non-
feasible) regions.

The decision maker should find a solution


CONSTRAINTS point within the feasible region.

For instance, in an optimum generation


scheduling problem, the active power
generations of the power plants should be
within their respective maximum and
minimum values; or, the total generation of
the plants should satisfy total load and a
specified reserve.
CONSTRAINTS
From the numerous points within the
feasible region of a problem, the
decision maker should select the
most desirable. The desirable should,
however, be somehow defined.
For instance, in a classroom, a
teacher may select a student as the
OBJECTIVE best if morality is the main concern.
FUNCTION He or she may select another if
enthusiasm is observed.
In fact, an objective function is a
function in terms of the decision
variables by which the decision
maker shows his or her desirable
solution.
If the objective function is defined as
maximizing x1, the solution ends up in point A,
whereas, if minimizing x2 is the objective
function, point B would be the final solution.
In an optimum generation scheduling problem,
the objective function may be chosen as the
total fuel cost to be minimized.

OBJECTIVE
In a capacitor allocation problem, the
FUNCTION objective function may be the investment cost
or the system losses or both (to be
minimized).
The problem is considered to be single-
objective if just one objective function is to be
optimized. It is in contrast to multi-objective
optimization problems in which several
functions are to be simultaneously, optimized.
OBJECTIVE FUNCTION
Once the decision variables, the
constraints and the objective function
terms are decided, the decision maker
should model the problem in a proper form
to be solved. The modelling depends much
on the available tools and the algorithms
for the problem solving, the accuracy
required, the simplifications possible, etc.

PROBLEM
MODELLING
A generic optimization problem model
would be in the form given by

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