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Sematic Web: Group Members

The document discusses the Semantic Web and its layered architecture. It begins with defining semantics and the problems of current web where data lacks meaning. The solution proposed is adding semantic annotations to embed meaning. It then describes Tim Berners-Lee's 9 layer architecture for the Semantic Web, including layers for URIs, XML, RDF, Ontology, Logic and Trust. Examples of Semantic Web applications and projects are provided. Standards developed by W3C to enable the Semantic Web are also outlined.

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125 views44 pages

Sematic Web: Group Members

The document discusses the Semantic Web and its layered architecture. It begins with defining semantics and the problems of current web where data lacks meaning. The solution proposed is adding semantic annotations to embed meaning. It then describes Tim Berners-Lee's 9 layer architecture for the Semantic Web, including layers for URIs, XML, RDF, Ontology, Logic and Trust. Examples of Semantic Web applications and projects are provided. Standards developed by W3C to enable the Semantic Web are also outlined.

Uploaded by

muneebkiani
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Sematic Web

Group Members:
Muhammad Sadiq Kashif Kanwal Daud Muhammad Muneeb

Agenda
Introduction Problem Solution Solution Details Application Summary

Introduction

What is Semantic?
Every Language has its own Syntax and Semantics. ?

What is Semantic?
Syntax is Study of Grammar! Semantics is study of meaning Syntax : How to say something Semantic : Is meaning Behind what you say

What is Semantic?
X+=y x=x+y
So both Semantic and syntax about communication all about communication

Internet?
Computer Use Network Protocol to Communicate Internet is Huge Network of Computers that uses TCP/IP for communication

WEB ?
System of Interlinked Documents accessed via Internet Web Browser Use Http to Communicate with web Servers View Web Pages , Use Hyperlinks to Navigate. Easy to Access

First Era Called Web 1.0


Next Generation Web 2.0 Ajax Video Sharing Social Media Forums, blogs Interactive Chat Forums Audio Video Chats Multimedia Stuff Etc.

Web 2.0
Sharing Picture, Videos, multimedia stuff Interacting over social media Publishing ,blogs, web portals Business, Ecommerce ,Ebay ,Amazon Contributing to knowledge e.g Wiki

Hence more interactive

Problem
Data on internet is around 500 billion GBs Search Engine Query Return thousands of records

Problem Cont..
Web Pages are written in HTML HTML Describe Structure HTML Describe Syntax not Sematics

Problem Cont..
If Computer can understand meaning behind the information They can learn what we are intrested in They can help us better find what we need The is really sematic web about

Problem continue..
<h1>Agilitas Physiotherapy Centre</h1> Welcome to the Agilitas Physiotherapy Centre home page.Do you feel pain? Have you had an injury? Let our staff Lisa Davenport, Kelly Townsend (our lovely secretary) and Steve Matthews take care of your body and soul. <h2>Consultation hours</h2> Mon 11am - 7pm<br> Tue 11am - 7pm<br> Wed 3pm - 7pm<br> Thu 11am - 7pm<br> Fri 11am - 3pm<p> But note that we do not offer consultation during the weeks of the <a href=". . .">State Of Origin</a> games.

Problem Continue..
<company> <treatmentOffered>Physiotherapy</treatmentOffered> <companyName>Agilitas Physiotherapy Centre</companyName> <staff> <therapist>Lisa Davenport</therapist> <therapist>Steve Matthews</therapist> <secretary>Kelly Townsend</secretary> </staff> </company> Do not convey the meaning Exchange of XML documents over the Web

Solution
Top Down
Information Analysis, Web Scraping, Natural language Processing Expensive , hard to maintain , human intervention, legal issues

Bottom Up
Embed Semantic annotation into data

Solution Details
A famous solution is given by Tim Berners Lee proposed a nine layer architectures

Layered Architecture
Unicode
universal character encoding standard Unicode provides a unique number for every character, no matter what the platform, no matter what the program, no matter what the languageFdsfs

Layered Arch..
URI
Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact string of characters used to identify or name a resource on the Internet.

urn:def://blue_laser
http://www.whatis.com/bluelase.htm

Layered Arch..
URL is a sub-type of URI, so if something is a URL then it is also a URI, but other way is not possible URN, the user only needs to know the name of a resource . A URN is associated with another concept called Uniform Resource Characteristics (URC)

Layered Architecture.
Extensible Markup Language (XML) is generalpurpose specification for creating custom markup languages. It is classified as an extensible language because it allows its users to define their own elements. Its primary purpose is to help information systems share structured data <note> <to>Tove</to> <from>Jani</from> <heading>Reminder</heading> <body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body> </note>

Layered Architecture
XML Name Space
XML namespace is a collection of Names (identified by a URI) used in XML document as element types and attribute names. When using prefixes in XML, a so-called namespace for the prefix must be defined. The namespace is defined by the xmlns attribute in the start tag of an element. The namespace declaration has the following syntax. xmlns:prefix="URI".

Layered Architecture
<h:table xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/"> <h:tr> <h:td>Apples</h:td> <h:td>Bananas</h:td> </h:tr> </h:table>

Layered Architecture
RDF Resource description framework actually creates the metadata about the document as a single entity, i.e. the author of the document, its creation date, its type etc. RDF is the first language developed especially for the Semantic Web. Its purpose was to add Machine-readable metadata to existing data on the Web. RDF uses XML for its serialization in order to realize the layering depicted in the Semantic Web language layer cake

Layered Architecture
.

http://www.student.com/ali

ASSIGNMENT

a basic RDF statement showing relation between a resource and a string literal.

Layered Architecture
Ontology Vocabulary It is main layer consisting of hierarchical distribution of important concepts in the domain and describing about the properties. Some basic ontology languages are OWL, DAMLONT and DAML+OIL etc.

Layered Architecture
Digital Signature
Digital Signature Support the notion of trust. The DSS (Digital Signature Standard) is a cryptographic standard or a particular application of public key cryptography promulgated by NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) Semantic Web a digital signature is a mechanism used to unambiguously verify an identity such as the author of a document XMLDSig will be used in many phases of semantic knowledge management systems, such as the authenticity verification for retrieved/updated knowledge and involved intermediaries, among others

Layered Architecture
Digital Signature Is to digitally sign the document Encryption can be applied to prevent unauthorized access

Layered Architecture
Logic A logic framework provides a well-established formal semantics which assigns unambiguous meaning to logical statements.
the positioning of this layer represents the notion that a richer logical language should be provided on top of the Ontology language, which provides additional mechanisms for the capturing of reasoning formalisms.

Layered Architecture
Proof Proof Goal is to make the smarter content, so to make machine understandable To support Semantic Web proof scenarios, proof languages were developed. A proof language determines the validity of a specific statement A proof language is simply a language that is used to prove whether or not a specic statement is true

Layered Architecture
Trust This is the top most layer, where the trustworthiness of information to be subjectively evaluated Within the Semantic Web the concepts trust and proof are dependent on the interaction context

Layered Architecture
Trust
A user on the Semantic Web receives data from a friend regarding the best music performances. The data can be trusted as it originates from a known (implying veried) friend, whose musical interests are familiar. It is thus possible to use the data because the user either shares or disagrees with the musical tastes of the friend. context therefore assists applications or users regarding th trustworthiness and usefulness of information The information context would therefore create an conceptual environment where the Semantic Web operate and interact intuitively, without having to rely on complex authentication and checking

Application
Knowledge Management E-Commerce Biosciences and Medical Applications

Machine Learning eScience Information Extraction Grid Computing Peer-to-Peer Systems eGovernment

Application
Ambient Intelligence Cognitive Systems Data Integration Multimedia Data Management Software Engineering Cognitive Systems

Projects
DBpedia FOAF GoodRelations for e-commerce SIOC SIMILE NextBio ANTOM Linking Open Data OpenPSI GoPubMed

Linked Data
The Linking Open Data project is a W3C-led effort to create openly accessible, and interlinked, RDF Data on the Web. The data in question takes the form of RDF Data Sets drawn from a broad collection of data sources. There is a focus on the Linked Data style of publishing RDF on the Web. Components
URIs

HTTP Resource Description Framework (RDF) Serialization formats (RDFa, RDF/XML, N3, Turtle, and others)

Open Linked Data


The goal of the W3C Semantic Web Education and Outreach group's Linking Open Data community project is to extend the Web with a data commons by publishing various open datasets as RDF on the Web and by setting RDF links between data items from different data sources.
In October 2007, datasets consisted of over two billion RDF triples, which were interlinked by over two million RDF links. By September 2011 this had grown to 31 billion RDF triples, interlinked by around 504 million RDF links. There is also an interactive visualization of the linked data sets to browse through the cloud.

Standards
Standardization for Semantic Web in the context of Web 3.0 is under the care of W3C Components
The term "Semantic Web" is often used more specifically to refer to the formats and technologies that enable it. These technologies are specified as W3C standards and include:

Standards
Resource Description Framework (RDF), a general method for describing information RDF Schema (RDFS) Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) SPARQL, an RDF query language Notation3 (N3), designed with humanreadability in mind N-Triples, a format for storing and transmitting data Turtle (Terse RDF Triple Language) Web Ontology Language (OWL), a family of knowledge representation languages

Future

Reference
Wikipedia W3C A Semantic Web Primer by Grigoris Antoniou and Frank van Harmelen Semantic Web Technologies. By Aurona Gerber , Dr Alta van der Merwe, Prof. Andries Barnard

THANKS

Notes Application of web: projects being developedd

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