Allergies
Allergies, also known as allergic diseases,
are a number of conditions caused by
hypersensitivity of the immune system to
typically harmless substances in the
environment. These diseases include hay
fever, food allergies, atopic
dermatitis, allergic asthma, and
anaphylaxis.
Anaphylaxis is a serious allergic reaction that is
rapid in onset and may cause death. It typically
causes more than one of the following: an itchy
rash, throat or tongue swelling, shortness of breath,
vomiting, lightheadedness, and low blood pressure.
These symptoms typically come on over minutes to
hours.
Differential diagnosis: Allergic reaction, angioe...
Symptoms: Itchy rash, throat swelling, shortness
Angioedema of the face such that the
boy cannot open his eyes. This
reaction was caused by an allergen
exposure.
Specialty Allergy and immunology
Symptoms: Itchy rash, throat
swelling, shortness of breath,
lightheadedness
Usual onset : Over minutes to hours
Causes : Insect bites, foods,
medications
Types: Hay fever, food allergies, atopic
dermat...
Symptoms: Red eyes, itchy rash, runny
nose, shortness of breath,
Treatment: Avoiding known allergens,
medications such as steroids
and antihistamines.
Prevention: Early exposure to potential
allerge..
Food allergies are extremely common. In fact,
they affect around 5% of adults and 8% of
children — and these percentages are rising
it's possible for any food to cause an allergy,
most food allergies are caused by just eight
foods
What Is a Food Allergy
A food allergy is a condition in which certain foods
trigger an abnormal immune response.
It's caused by your immune system wrongly recognizing
some of the proteins in a food as harmful. Your body
then launches a range of protective measures,
including releasing chemicals like histamine, which
causes inflammation.
Symptoms can occur anywhere from a few minutes after
exposure to a few hours later, and they may include some of the
following:
Swelling of the tongue, mouth or face
Difficulty breathing
Low blood pressure
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Hives
Itchy rash
most common food allergies
1.Cow's Milk
• An allergy to cow's milk is most often seen in
babies and young children, especially when
they have been exposed to cow's milk protein
before they are six months old.
• It's one of the most common childhood
allergies, affecting 2–3% of babies and toddler
Breastfeeding mothers of babies with an allergy
may also have to remove cow's milk and foods that
contain it from their own diets
As for babies who aren't breastfeeding, a suitable
alternative to a cow's milk-based formula will be
recommended by a health professionals
SUMMARY:
A cow's milk allergy mostly affects children
under the age of three. A diagnosis of cow's
milk allergy means that all milk and milk
products must be avoided.
2. Eggs
An egg allergy is the second most common
cause of food allergy in children However,
68% of children who are allergic to eggs
will outgrow their allergy by the time
they're 16
Symptoms include:
•Digestive distress, such as a stomach ache
•Skin reactions, such as hives or a rash
•Respiratory problems
•Anaphylaxis (which is rare)
SUMMARY:
The most common type of egg allergy is an
egg white allergy. The treatment is an egg-free
diet. However, some people may be able to
reintroduce some foods containing cooked
eggs into their diet.
3. Tree Nuts
A tree nut allergy is one of the most common food
allergies. It's frequently associated with severe
allergic reactions, and the treatment is usually a
lifelong avoidance of all tree nuts and tree nut
products.
4. Peanuts
A peanut allergy is a serious condition that can
cause a severe allergic reaction. Treatment is
lifelong avoidance of peanuts and peanut-
containing products.
5. Shellfish
The most common trigger of a shellfish allergy is a
protein called tropomyosin. The only treatment for
a shellfish allergy is removing all shellfish from
your diet.
Examples of shellfish include:
Shrimp Prawns
Crayfish Lobster
Squid Scallops
Tropomyosin is a protein involved in skeletal muscle
contraction and that wraps around actin and
prevents myosin from grabbing it. This prevents
muscle contractions until the proper signal arrives.
When the nervous system tells the muscle cell to
contract, calcium is released.
6. Wheat
A wheat allergy is an allergic response to one of the
proteins found in wheat.
A wheat allergy can be caused by a sensitivity to
any of the hundreds of proteins in wheat. The
only treatment is a wheat-free diet, but many
people outgrow it before they reach school age.
People with a wheat allergy only need to avoid wheat
and can tolerate gluten from grains that don't contain
wheat.
A wheat allergy is often diagnosed through skin prick
testing.
The only treatment is to avoid wheat and wheat-
containing products. This means avoiding foods, as well
as beauty and cosmetic products, that contain wheat
7. Soy
Soy allergies affect around 0.4% of children and are
most commonly seen in infants and children under
three
A soy allergy is triggered by the proteins in soybeans
and soybean products. If you have a soy allergy, the
only treatment is the removal of soy from your diet.
the symptoms can range from an itchy,
tingly mouth and runny nose to a rash and
asthma or breathing difficulties. In rare
cases, a soy allergy can also cause
anaphylaxis
8. Fish
Fish allergies are common, affecting up to around
2% of adults. Fish allergies are common, but they
may be confused with an adverse reaction to
contaminated fish.
