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8 Sketching Graphs Using Derivatives 1

derivatives differential calculus

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4 views30 pages

8 Sketching Graphs Using Derivatives 1

derivatives differential calculus

Uploaded by

alyannatimtiman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SKETCHING

GRAPHS USING
DERIVATIVES
MATHROWBACK:

INTERCEPTS
The points where the graph
intersect at or - axis
– intercepts (a, 0)
– intercepts (0, b)
MATHROWBACK:
VERTICAL
ASYMPTOTE
(VA)
VERTICAL ASYMPTOTE

To get the
vertical
asymptote,
simply set the
MATHROWBACK:

VERTICAL ASYMPTOTE
Determine the vertical
asymptote of
MATHROWBACK:
HORIZONTAL
ASYMPTOTE
(HA)
The line is
the HORIZONTAL ASYMPTOTE

horizontal
asymptote of
MATHROWBACK:

HORIZONTAL ASYMPTOTE (HA)


1. IF THE DEGREE OF THE
NUMERATOR IS LESS THAN THE
DEGREE OF THE DENOMINATOR
THEN THE HORIZONTAL
ASYMPTOTE OF THE RATIONAL
MATHROWBACK:

HORIZONTAL ASYMPTOTE (HA)


Find the horizontal asymptote
of the function

HA:
MATHROWBACK:

HORIZONTAL ASYMPTOTE (HA)


2. IF THE DEGREE OF THE
NUMERATOR IS EQUAL TO THE
DEGREE OF THE DENOMINATOR,
THEN THE HORIZONTAL
ASYMPTOTE IS THE RATIO OF
MATHROWBACK:

HORIZONTAL ASYMPTOTE (HA)


Find the horizontal asymptote
of the function

HA:
MATHROWBACK:

HORIZONTAL ASYMPTOTE (HA)


3. IF THE DEGREE OF THE
NUMERATOR IS GREATER THAN
THE DEGREE OF THE
DENOMINATOR, THEN THE
HORIZONTAL ASYMPTOTE OF
MATHROWBACK:

HORIZONTAL ASYMPTOTE (HA)


Find the horizontal asymptote
of the function

NO HORIZONTAL ASYMPTOTE
MATHROWBACK:
SLANT or OBLIQUE ASYMPTOTE
3. OCCURS WHEN THE POLYNOMIAL IN THE
NUMERATOR IS A HIGHER DEGREE THAN
THE POLYNOMIAL IN THE DENOMINATOR. TO
FIND THE SLANT ASYMPTOTE, YOU MUST
DIVIDE THE NUMERATOR BY THE
DENOMINATOR USING EITHER LONG
DIVISION OR SYNTHETIC DIVISION.
MATHROWBACK:

Find the oblique asymptote of


the function
INCREASING &
DECREASING FUNCTIONS &
THE FIRST DERIVATIVE
TEST
INCREASING FUNCTION

A function defined on an interval is


increasing on that interval if and only if
whenever
where and are any numbers in the interval.
DECREASING FUNCTION

A function defined on an interval is


decreasing on that interval if and only if
whenever
where and are any numbers in the interval.
THEOREM FOR THE FIRST-DERIVATIVE
TEST FOR RELATIVE EXTREMA

Let the function be continuous at all points


of the open interval (a,b) containing the
number c, and suppose that f’exists at all
points of (a,b) except possibly at c:
i.
CRITICAL NUMBER

A critical point of a differentiable


function of a real or complex
variable is any value in its domain
where its derivative is 0.
THE FIRST-DERIVATIVE TEST FOR
RELATIVE EXTREMA

To determine analytically the relative extrema of :


1. Compute
2. Determine the critical numbers of , that is, the
values of for which or for which does not exist.
3. Apply the first derivative test.
EXAMPLE

Plot the graph of the function


defined by:
EXAMPLE

3 2
𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =𝑥 −6𝑥 +9𝑥+1
POINT OF INFLECTION
Let be the function that is continuous in
an open interval, and let be a point in the
interval. If the graph of has a tangent line
at this point then this point is the point of
inflection of the graph when the concavity
of f changes from upward to downward(or
CONCAVITY
Let be a function whose second
derivative exists on an open interval.

1. for all in , then the graph of is


concave upward on .
CONCAVITY

2. If for all in , then the graph of is


concave downward on .
EXAMPLE 1

Find the point of inflection of the graph of


and determine where the graph is concave
upward and concave downward. Support
the answer by sketching the graph:
EXAMPLE 1

3 2
(𝑓 𝑥 ) =𝑥 −6𝑥 +9𝑥+1
EXAMPLE 1

ANALYZE AND SKETCH THE GRAPH


OF
Vertical Vertical
Asymptote x Asymptote x
= -2 =2

Relative
Horizontal Minimum
Asymptote y
(0, 9/2)
=2

(- (3,
3,0) 0)
EXAMPLE 2

ANALYZE AND SKETCH THE GRAPH


OF
(4,6
)

Slant
Asymptote y
Vertical =x
Asymptote x
=2

(0,-
2)

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