Day 1 Forces

Quarter 1,
Week 1
Force and Motion

Science 8
Prepared by: Jame-Son G. Jubane
Content
Standard
The learners demonstrate
understanding Newton’s three
laws of motion.
Performance
Standard
The learners should be able to
develop a written plan and
implement a “Newton’s
Olympics”.
Most Essential
Learning
Competency
Investigate the relationship
between the amount of force
applied and the mass of the
object to the amount of change in
the object’s motion (S8FE-Ia-15)
Objectives
01 02 03 04 05
Identify the examine demonstr expound interpret
forces acting on conditions ate how an Newton’s
an object at rest when two Newton’s unbalance Laws of
and construct a forces are Law of d (net) Motion
free body balanced Inertia force (Law of
diagram of affects the Inertia and
forces acting on acceleratio Law of
an object; n of a Acceleratio
Day
Identifying Forces
01
and Constructing
Free Body
Diagrams
Elicit
Think about a time when you pushed or
pulled an object. Share your experiences
and discuss what you think might have
been happening to the object when you
pushed or pulled it.
Engage
Identify the forces acting on the object
and discuss your ideas as a class.
 Observe the book and try to identify the
forces acting on it.
 Draw a free-body diagram of the book,
representing it as a box.
 Add arrows to the box to represent the
forces acting on the book.
 The size of the arrow should reflect the
magnitude of the force, and the direction of
the arrow should show the direction in
which the force is acting.
 Label each force arrow according to its type
(e.g., normal force, friction, weight).
Explore
Activity 1:
Exploring, Investigating Invisible Forces!
Objective:
Identify the forces acting on an object at rest and
construct a free body
diagram of forces acting on an object.
What you need:
Pictures of a hanging pen and book lying on the
table.
What to do:
Look and study the pictures as shown in Figure 11
Guide Questions: Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Consider the pen at rest, draw the forces
acting on the pen. Use arrows to represent
these forces.
2. If the string will be cut, what happens to
the pen? What could have caused the pen’s
motion?
3. Is the book at rest or in motion?
4. Draw the forces acting on the book. Use
arrows to represent these forces.
Explai
 A free body diagram is a visualn
representation of all the forces
acting on an object, with arrows
representing the direction and
magnitude of each force.
Explai
 Force is a pushn
or a pull. It can
make objects
move, stop, or
change their
direction of
motion.
Explai
 An object maybe acted n
upon by several forces.
 For example, an object
may be pushed and pulled
in different directions at
the same time.
 To identify which of these
forces would be able to
cause change in the
motion of the object, it is
important to identify all
the forces acting on it.
Explai
 n in
Forces are described
terms of magnitude.
 Magnitude refers to the
size or strength of the
force which is
commonly expressed in
Newton (N); direction of
the force, point of
application and line of
action.
Explai
n
Point of Application
Points to the
direction of the
force
Line of action
F
Construct free body diagrams for each
scenario
Object hanging from a Object sliding
string down a ramp
Construct free body diagrams for each
scenario
Object hanging from a Object sliding
string down a ramp
Tension Force Normal Force
Gravitational
Force Gravitational
Force
Types of force are contact and
non-contact forces
 Contact forces are forces where
objects touch or contact with each
other.
Examples of Contact forces:

 Applied force-a force given to a person
by another person or object.
 Its symbol is F depending on
who or what applies force to
the object. If a boy applies a
force to a wall, we denote it
with Figure 2.
Figure 2. Applied force of a boy (FBOY)
towards the wall

 Frictional force-a force
acting against or
opposite an object in
contact with which
makes the movement
Figure 3. Frictional of the object slows
force (Ff) acts opposite down, it always
to the force applied opposes the motion of
the object.
 Normal force- a force that acts
perpendicular to the surface of the object
in contact with. Its symbol is FN.
Figure 3. Frictional force (Ff) acts opposite to the

force applied
 Tension force – a force applied to
hanging string, rope, chain or cable. Its
symbol is T.
Figure 5. Tension force or simply tension (T) that

acts on the rope of a hanging ball.
 Non-contact forces are forces where
objects do not touch or contact with each
other. These forces act over a zone or area
called field.
 Examples of Non-contact forces:

Gravitational f o r c e (Fg) – a force of
attraction between two objects.
Figure 6. Gravitational force between the Earth and
the Moon.
 The weight of an object,
denoted by W, is an
example of the
gravitational force of the
Earth towards the object.
In Figure 7, the weight of
a book (WBOOK) is
Figure 7. Illustration of the weight of a book
illustrated.
(WBOOK) on the table with normal force (FN)
Figure 8. Magnetic
Attraction
Opposite poles attract
Like poles repel

Elaborate
Work in pairs or small groups to
construct free body diagrams for each
scenario, identifying all the forces acting
on the object.
 object hanging from a string

 object sliding down a ramp
Evaluate
Construct a free body diagram for a
given scenario and explain the forces
acting on an object.
 A 65 kg boy pulling a 200 kg cart

Correct Answer
Correct Answer
Fnet = FA + FB
= 65 N+ (-200 N)
= -135 N
Pull Force
65 N 200 N
Friction Force
Multiple Choice Questions
1. A force is a __________.
A. constant speed
B. push or pull
C. linear quantity
D. cannot be determined Solution
2. If the net force acting on an object is
zero, then the object will remain at rest or
move in a straight line with a constant
speed. This is Newton’s ______ law of
motion.
A. first
B. second
C. third
D. fourth Solution
3. The acceleration of an object is directly
proportional to the force acting on it and
inversely proportional to its mass. Which
law matches the description?
A. Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion
B. Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion
C. Newton’s 1st Law of Motion Solution.
4. A ball rolling on grass has more friction
than a ball rolling on tile. True or False?
5. A skydiver is falling with a force of 1500
N while the upward force of air resistance is
1000 N. What is the skydiver’s net force?
Extend
For homework, research real-world
examples of free body diagrams, such as
those used in engineering or sports
science. Share your findings with the
class during the next lesson.

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Quarter 1,

Force and Motion

Tension Force Normal Force

Examples of Contact forces:

towards the wall

Figure 3. Frictional force (Ff) acts opposite to the

Figure 5. Tension force or simply tension (T) that

 Examples of Non-contact forces:

Opposite poles attract

Like poles repel

 object hanging from a string

 A 65 kg boy pulling a 200 kg cart

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