DATABASE SYSTEM

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCING DATABASE
SYSTEM

PREPARED BY:
Muhammad Jehanzeb
CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
LEARNING OUTCOMES
TOPIC

At the end of this chapter, students should be able to:

 Explain what is data management

 Differentiate manual file system and computerised file system with database
system

 Define database system, database and database management system

 List the functions, advantages and disadvantages of database management

system

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CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
TOPIC OUTLINES
TOPIC

Introduction

1.1 Manual File System

1.1.1 Disadvantages of Manual File System

1.2 Computerised File System

1.2.1 Disadvantages of Computerised File System

1.3 Database System

1.4 Database
1.4.1 Characteristics of Database

1.5 Database Management System

1.5.1 Functions of Database Management System
1.5.2 Advantages of Database Management System
1.5.3 Disadvantages of Database Management System

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CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
INTRODUCTION
TOPIC

Are you being overwhelmed by too much data?

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CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
INTRODUCTION
TOPIC

Not sure how to make sense of the data?

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CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
INTRODUCTION
TOPIC

What you need is

Data Management

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CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
INTRODUCTION
TOPIC

Data management is a discipline that focuses

on the proper way for

Generating Data Storing Data Retrieving Data

Focus of this course

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CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
INTRODUCTION
TOPIC

We will examine 3 ways for managing data

Manual File System

Computerised File Evolution of

System Data Management

Database System

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CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.1 Manual File System
TOPIC

A manual file system is a way of managing

data using

Pen and paper

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CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.1 Manual File System
TOPIC

Data Storage
1. Record data on paper.
2. File paper away into folders and cabinets.

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CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.1 Manual File System
TOPIC

Data Retrieval
1. Locate paper from cabinets and folders.
2. Retrieve data from paper.

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CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.1 Manual File System

1.1.1 Disadvantages of Manual File System TOPIC

As data collection increases

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CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.1 Manual File System

1.1.1 Disadvantages of Manual File System TOPIC

Keeping track and looking up data becomes

much more difficult

Where is my
data?

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CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.1 Manual File System
TOPIC

Solution to Manual File System

Replace Manual File System with Computerised File System

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CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.2 Computerised File System
TOPIC

A computerised file system is a way of

managing data using

Computer Programs Files

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CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.2 Computerised File System
TOPIC

Data Storage
1. Launch a program (e.g. Microsoft Excel) to input data.
2. When you saved the data, the data gets stored in a computer file
(e.g. Excel file .xls).

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CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.2 Computerised File System
TOPIC

Data Retrieval
1. Find a program that could open the computer file (e.g. Excel file .xls).
2. Launch the program (e.g. Microsoft Excel) to retrieve the data.

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CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.2 Computerised File System

1.2.1 Disadvantages of Computerised File System TOPIC

Program Data
Dependency Redundancy

Complex
administration

Click on the boxes for explanation

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CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.2 Computerised File System
TOPIC

Solution to Computerised File System

Database
System

Replace Computerised File System with Database System

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CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.3 Database System
TOPIC

What is Database System?

Database
Management Database
Database
System System
(DBMS)

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CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.3 Database System
TOPIC

A database can be thought of as an electronic

version of a filing cabinet

Database

Database is where all the data are stored

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CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.3 Database System
TOPIC

A DBMS can be thought of as a secretary who

has sole access to the filing cabinet

DBMS

DBMS handles all data requests (i.e. data

storage/retrieval) on behalf of programs
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CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.3 Database System
TOPIC

Program Program Program Program Programs

1 2 3 N store/retrie
ve data
through
DBMS
Database Management System (DBMS)
Only
Data stored in the DBMS has
database are shared
by all programs (i.e. access to
no redundant data) database
Database

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CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.3 Database System
TOPIC

Data Storage

Database

1 2

3
DBMS

Click on the numbered boxes for explanation

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CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.3 Database System
TOPIC

Data Retrieval

Database

1 2

4
DBMS 3

Click on the numbered boxes for explanation

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CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.4 Database
TOPIC

Database is a computer structure that

houses a collection of related data
and metadata

Database

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CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.4 Database

1.4.1 Characteristics of Database TOPIC

Persistent

Shared

Interrelated

Click on the boxes for explanation

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CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.5 Database Management System
TOPIC

Database Management System is a

collection of programs that enables the
creation, maintenance and usage of
a database
DBMS

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CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.5 Database Management System
TOPIC

Some popular DBMS include

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CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.5 Database Management System

1.5.1 Functions of Database Management System TOPIC

Database Application
Data Storage
Access Programming
and Retrieval
Language Interfaces

Database
Data Integrity Multiuser
Communication
Management Access Control
Interfaces

Backup and
Security
Recovery
Management
Management

Click on the boxes for explanation

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CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.5 Database Management System

1.5.2 Advantages of Database Management System TOPIC

Controlling Data
Redundancy
Improvement in
Data Integrity
Improvement in
Security

Access Versatility

Reduced
Development Time

Click on the boxes for explanation

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CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
1.5 Database Management System

1.5.3 Disadvantages of Database Management System TOPIC

Increased cost
• Hardware cost (e.g. new computers) and DBMS cost
• Personnel cost (e.g. hire database administrator)
• Adoption cost (e.g. re-enter data into database)

Complexity
• DBMS is complex as it provides a lot of functionalities
• If the functionalities are not needed (e.g. in the case of a
small company), the power of DBMS would be wasted

Greater impact of failure

• Due to lack of data redundancy, if the DBMS goes down,
suddenly one lose access to all data

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CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
SUMMARY
TOPIC

 Data management is a discipline that focuses on the proper way for generating,
storing and retrieving data.

 The evolution of data management

 Manual file system
 Computerized file system
 Database system

 Database system = Database + Database management system (DBMS).

 Database is a computer structure that houses a collection of related data and

metadata.

 Database management system is a collection of programs that enables the

creation, maintenance and usage of a database.

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CHAPTER 1: Introducing Database System
NEXT SESSION PREVIEW
TOPIC

In Chapter 2, we will delve

into the architecture and
components of database
system

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