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Measurement in Physics Conversion of Units

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18 views19 pages

Measurement in Physics Conversion of Units

physics

Uploaded by

woshiiwoshi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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General Physics 1

Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, you should be able
to:
1. Differentiate fundamental quantities from derived
quantities
2. Solve measurement problems involving conversion
of units, expression of measurements in scientific
notation
The Measuring Process
Measurement – the process of comparing
something with a standard
- to carry out measurements, a
system of standards and a system of units
should be defined.
Two Systems of Units:
1. Metric System/ International System of
Units/ SI Units
- the system of units that the General
Conference on Weights and Measures has
agreed upon and is legally enforced in almost
all parts of the world.
- two variations: mks and cgs systems
2. English System
- fps system
Physical Quantities
a. Fundamental Quantities
- basic quantities which are independent of
one another
(Length-m, Mass-kg, Time-s, Temperature-K, Electric
current-A, Luminous intensity-cd, Amount of
substance-mol)

b. Derived Quantities
- combinations of fundamental quantities
Unit Conversion
To convert one unit to another unit, we
have to know how to determine conversion
factors. To be able to determine conversion
factors, it is important to know the standard
units for the fundamental quantities mass,
length, and time.
For the fundamental quantity of length, the following
units can be used:
1 kilometer (km) = 103 m
1 decimeter (dm) = 10-1 m
1 centimeter (cm) = 10-2 m
1 millimeter (mm) = 10-3 m
1 micrometer (µm) = 10-6 m
1 nanometer (nm) = 10-9 m
1 angstrom (A) = 10-10 m
1 picometer = 10-12 m
For the fundamental quantity of mass, the following units
can be used:
1 kilogram (kg) = 1000 g
1 gram (g) = 1000 mg
1 milligram (mg) = 10-3 g
1 microgram (µg) = 10-6 g
For the fundamental quantity of time, the following units
can be used:
1 day= 24 hours
1 hour= 60 minutes
1 minute (min) = 60 seconds
Conversion Factor

• Length • Mass
1m = 100 cm = 1000 mm 1kg = 1000 g = 0.0685 slug
1km = 1000 m = 0.6214 1g = 6.85 x 10-5 slug
mi 1 slug = 14.59 kg
1 m = 3.281 ft = 39.37 in 1 kg has a weight of 2.205
1 cm = 0.3937 in lb when g = 9.8 m/s2
1 in = 2.540 cm
1 ft = 30.38 cm
1 yd = 91.44 cm
1 mi = 5280 ft = 1.609 km
How to convert one unit to another unit mathematically?
1.) Convert 600 m to kilometer (km)
Using the conversion factor 1km/ 1,000m, we get the
following:

2.) Convert 250 grams to kilogram (kg)


Using the conversion factor 1kg/ 1,000g, we get the
following:
g
Sample Problems
Convert the following units:
1.) 40km to mm

2.) 240 s to hours


Practice Exercise • Length
1m = 100 cm = 1000 mm
Convert the following units: 1km = 1000 m = 0.6214 mi
1.) 40mm to m 1 m = 3.281 ft = 39.37 in
1 cm = 0.3937 in
2.) 24 hrs to sec
1 in = 2.540 cm
3.) 106 µm to cm 1 ft = 30.38 cm
4.) 2.4 x 10-3 km to mm 1 yd = 91.44 cm
5.) 3 days to minutes 1 mi = 5280 ft = 1.609 km
6.) 1,200 mg to kg • Mass
1kg = 1000 g = 0.0685 slug
1g = 6.85 x 10-5 slug
1 slug = 14.59 kg
1 kg has a weight of 2.205 lb
when g = 9.8 m/s2
Practice Exercise
Convert the following units:
1.) 40mm to m ----------- 0.04 m
2.) 24 hrs to s ----------- 86,400 s
3.) 106 µm to cm ---------- 100 cm
4.) 2.4 x 10-3 km to mm ---------- 2,400 mm
5.) 3 days to minutes --------- 4, 320 mins
6.) 1,200 mg to kg ------------- 1.2 x 10-3 kg or 0.0012 kg
Practice Problems
• Length: 1 inch = 2.54 cm

1. How many inches are there in 3 m?


 Convert 3m to cm

 Convert 300 cm to inches


Practice Problems
• Length: 1 inch = 2.54 cm

1. How many inches are there in 3 m?


 Convert 3m to cm

 Convert 300 cm to inches


Sample Problem
Convert a density of 2.79 g/cm3 to kg/m3.

Note:
Sample Problem
Convert a density of 2.79 g/cm3 to kg/m3.

Note:
Practice Problems
• Force: 1 lb = 4.45 newtons
1. How many newtons of force do you need to lift a
34-lb bag? (Intuitively, just assume that you need
exactly the same amount of force as the weight of
the bag).

151.3 N
Sample Problems

1. Convert (a) 55 km to meters and (b) 12 grams to


kilograms. Express your answers in scientific
notation.

a.) 5.5 x 104 m

b.) 1.2 x 10-2 kg


Practice Problems
1. The SI unit of force is the Newton, represented by
a capital letter N. One newton of force gives a 1.0
kg body an acceleration of 1.0 m/s2. 1 N is equal
to 1 kg m/s2. A smaller unit of force is the dyne. 1
dyne is equal to 1 g cm/s2. How many dynes are
there in 1 N?
2. One light-year (ly) is the distance traveled by light in
a year. Convert one light-year to meters using 3 x
108 m/s for the speed of light. (d = vt)
3. How many inches would light travel in 10 fs?

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